形态和力量对青少年游泳运动员自由泳速度的影响。
Influence of Morphology and Strength on Front Crawl Swimming Speed in Junior and Youth Age-Group Swimmers.
机构信息
Department of Water Sports, University School of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Oct;33(10):2836-2845. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002084.
Strzała, M, Stanula, A, Krężałek, P, Ostrowski, A, Kaca, M, and Głąb, G. Influence of morphology and strength on front crawl swimming speed in junior and youth age-group swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2836-2845, 2019-This study, conducted in 2 male age groups, was aimed at analyzing the influence of body properties, dry-land strength and swimming strength on 50-m crawl (VCrawl). We examined 2 competitive groups, Youth (20.6 ± 1.05) and Junior (17.3 ± 0.59), based on (a) body mass (BM) and lean body mass (LBM), body height (BH) and total body length (TBL), and arm span (AS); (b) countermovement jump (CMJ) and maximum isometric strength of elbow and knee joints; and (c) tethered crawl strength. We hypothesized that a higher relationship of strength indices in younger swimmers in VCrawl and tethered swimming would be a better sprint performance predictor. The Junior group revealed a significant relationship between somatic traits (BM r = 0.63; BH r = 0.55; TBL r = 0.58; AS r = 0.52 with p ≤ 0.05 LBM r = 0.78; with p < 0.01) and VCrawl, whereas such interplay was not found in the Youth group. General dry-land strength indices CMJ (cm), CMJ (J) or isometric strength of knee joint muscle flexors and extensors (r = 0.57; r = 0.69; r = 0.56; r = 0.57, respectively) also significantly correlated with VCrawl only in the Junior group. The Junior group's tethered swimming strength had a higher but not a significant relationship with VCrawl. The Youth group instead achieved significantly higher VCrawl and stroke rate (SR). The SR revealed (r = 0.41, p = 0.014) a relationship with VCrawl only after the combination of both groups. This study demonstrates a better strength relationship with VCrawl in the younger Junior group. In the future, the evaluation of sprint swimming aptitudes, besides on the basis of somatic traits and properties of dry-land or water strength measurement, should be complemented by measurements of real sprint swimming technique parameters.
斯特扎拉、M、斯坦拉、A、克热日莱克、P、奥斯特罗夫斯基、A、卡察、M 和格拉斯、G. 形态和力量对青少年游泳运动员自由泳速度的影响。J 力量与条件研究 33(10):2836-2845,2019-本研究在 2 个男性年龄组中进行，旨在分析身体特性、陆地力量和游泳力量对 50 米自由泳（VCrawl）的影响。我们根据（a）体重（BM）和瘦体重（LBM）、身高（BH）和总体长（TBL）和臂展（AS）；（b）反跳（CMJ）和肘部和膝关节最大等长力量；和（c）系绳游泳强度，检查了 2 个竞技组，青年（20.6±1.05）和初级（17.3±0.59）。我们假设在年轻游泳运动员的 VCrawl 和系绳游泳中，更强的力量指数关系将是更好的短跑表现预测指标。初级组显示出身体特征（BM r = 0.63；BH r = 0.55；TBL r = 0.58；AS r = 0.52，p≤0.05 LBM r = 0.78；p<0.01）与 VCrawl 之间存在显著关系，而在青年组中则没有发现这种相互作用。一般陆地力量指数 CMJ（cm）、CMJ（J）或膝关节肌肉屈肌和伸肌的等长强度（r = 0.57；r = 0.69；r = 0.56；r = 0.57，分别）也仅与初级组的 VCrawl 显著相关。初级组的系绳游泳强度与 VCrawl 呈更高但不显著的关系。相反，青年组的 VCrawl 和划频（SR）更高。SR 显示（r = 0.41，p = 0.014）与 VCrawl 仅在两组结合后才有关系。本研究表明，在更年轻的初级组中，VCrawl 与力量的关系更好。未来，除了基于身体特征和陆地或水力量测量的特性之外，还应通过测量实际的短跑游泳技术参数来补充对短跑游泳能力的评估。
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