Bauer J H
J Clin Hypertens. 1985 Sep;1(3):199-221.
The acute and chronic renal effects of the beta-adrenergic antagonists, alpha 1-adrenergic antagonists, central alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, and central and/or peripheral adrenergic-neuronal blocking agents are reviewed. In general, beta-adrenergic antagonists have little or no clinical effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow or renal blood flow (ERPF/RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary sodium or potassium excretion, free water clearance, or body fluid composition. The alpha 1-adrenergic antagonists (prazosin and indoramin) have little or no clinical effect on GFR and ERPF/RBF; however, RVR is reduced. Sodium excretion is also reduced, leading to salt and water retention. The central alpha 2-adrenergic agonists (alpha-methyldopa, clonidine, and guanabenz) have little or no clinical effect on GFR and ERPF/RBF; however, RVR is reduced. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and body fluid composition are unchanged. Free water clearance may be increased. The central and peripheral adrenergic-neuronal blocking agent reserpine has little or no clinical effect on GFR and ERPF/RBF; however, RVR is reduced. Urinary sodium, potassium, and water excretion and body fluid composition are unchanged. Finally, the peripheral adrenergic-neuronal blocking agents (guanadrel and guanethidine) decrease GFR and ERPF/RBF; RVR is also reduced. The filtered load and fractional excretion of sodium is decreased, producing expansion of body fluid spaces and weight gain.
本文综述了β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、中枢α2-肾上腺素能激动剂以及中枢和/或外周肾上腺素能神经阻滞剂对肾脏的急慢性影响。一般来说，β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂对肾小球滤过率（GFR）、有效肾血浆流量或肾血流量（ERPF/RBF）、肾血管阻力（RVR）、尿钠或钾排泄、自由水清除率或体液成分几乎没有临床影响。α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂（哌唑嗪和吲哚拉明）对GFR和ERPF/RBF几乎没有临床影响；然而，RVR降低。钠排泄也减少，导致盐和水潴留。中枢α2-肾上腺素能激动剂（α-甲基多巴、可乐定和胍那苄）对GFR和ERPF/RBF几乎没有临床影响；然而，RVR降低。尿钠和钾排泄以及体液成分不变。自由水清除率可能增加。中枢和外周肾上腺素能神经阻滞剂利血平对GFR和ERPF/RBF几乎没有临床影响；然而，RVR降低。尿钠、钾和水排泄以及体液成分不变。最后，外周肾上腺素能神经阻滞剂（胍环定和胍乙啶）降低GFR和ERPF/RBF；RVR也降低。钠的滤过负荷和分数排泄减少，导致体液量增加和体重增加。
