Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Department of Sport & Fitness Management, Mitchell College, New London, CT 06320, USA.
Appetite. 2017 Nov 1;118:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.015. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
The impact of chewing gum on fasting appetite or meal intake has not been studied. We tested the hypothesis that chewing gum would decrease lunch intake after a controlled breakfast, and reduce hunger in fasting and fed states. Seventeen males and sixteen females (21.4 ± 6.3y, BMI 23.8 ± 2.7 kg/m) participated in a randomized crossover study in which subjects chewed sugar-free gum a total of 1 h on the test day (GC), and did not chew gum on a control day (NG). The 1 h of gum chewing included 20 min while fasting, and two 20-min sessions between breakfast and lunch. Subjects rated their appetite and mood on visual analog scales. After completing the fasting measures, subjects consumed a breakfast shake containing 30% of their measured resting energy expenditure. Three hours later they consumed an ad libitum lunch with water. Fasting ratings of hunger were lower in GC than NG (t = 2.66, p = 0.01). Subjects consumed significantly less pasta (41 g, 68 kcals, t = 2.32, p = 0.03) during GC than NG. In conclusion, gum chewing decreased fasting hunger ratings and lunch energy consumed. Chewing gum may be a useful tool impacting energy balance in this population. Longer studies, especially in other populations, will be required.
咀嚼口香糖对禁食时的食欲或进餐量的影响尚未研究过。我们检验了一个假设，即咀嚼口香糖会减少控制早餐后的午餐摄入量，并减少禁食和进食时的饥饿感。17 名男性和 16 名女性（21.4±6.3 岁，BMI 23.8±2.7kg/m2）参加了一项随机交叉研究，其中受试者在测试日（GC）总共咀嚼无糖口香糖 1 小时，而在对照日（NG）不咀嚼口香糖。咀嚼口香糖的 1 小时包括禁食 20 分钟，以及早餐和午餐之间的两次 20 分钟咀嚼时间。受试者通过视觉模拟量表评估他们的食欲和情绪。完成禁食测量后，受试者食用含有其测量静息能量消耗 30%的早餐奶昔。3 小时后，他们随意食用午餐并摄入水。GC 时的饥饿感评分低于 NG（t=2.66，p=0.01）。GC 时，受试者摄入的意大利面（41g，68kcal）明显少于 NG（t=2.32，p=0.03）。总之，咀嚼口香糖可降低禁食时的饥饿感评分和午餐的能量摄入。咀嚼口香糖可能是影响该人群能量平衡的有用工具。需要进行更长时间的研究，尤其是在其他人群中。
