The Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
The Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
Eur J Med Chem. 2017 Sep 29;138:774-806. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Jul 8.
For the last two decades, classical phenothiazines have attracted attention of researchers, as the hitherto investigations have revealed many significant biological activities within this class of compounds, other than originally discovered neuroleptic ones. Important, new pharmaceutical results on phenothiazines, as 10-substituted dibenzothiazines, were recently highlighted in several reviews. Azaphenothiazines are structurally modified phenothiazines by substitution of one or both benzene rings in the phenothiazine ring system with the azine rings, such as: pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,2,4-triazine, quinoline, quinoxaline, benzoxazine and benzothiazine. They form over 50 different heterocyclic systems, of tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexacyclic structures, and contain from one to even four azine nitrogen atoms. This review summarizes the methodical knowledge on azaphenothiazines, referring to their nomenclature, synthesis, structure analysis and above all significant varied biological activities, examined in vitro and in vivo. It describes, in addition, current trends in the synthesis of azaphenothiazines. The influence of the azaphenothiazine ring system, the nature of the substituents, predominantly at the thiazine nitrogen atom, as well as at the azine nitrogen atom and carbon atom, on the biological activities, were also discussed.
在过去的二十年中,经典的吩噻嗪类药物引起了研究人员的关注,因为迄今为止的研究已经在这一类化合物中发现了许多除了最初发现的神经安定作用之外的重要的生物活性。在最近的几篇综述中,重点强调了吩噻嗪类药物,如 10 位取代的二苯并噻嗪类药物的重要的新的药物学研究结果。氮杂吩噻嗪是吩噻嗪环系中一个或两个苯环被嗪环取代而得到的结构修饰的吩噻嗪类药物,例如:吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、喹啉、喹喔啉、苯并恶嗪和苯并噻嗪。它们形成了 50 多种不同的杂环系统,包括三、四、五和六元环结构,并且含有一个甚至四个嗪氮原子。这篇综述总结了氮杂吩噻嗪的方法学知识,涉及它们的命名、合成、结构分析,以及最重要的在体外和体内检查的不同的生物活性。此外,还描述了氮杂吩噻嗪的合成的当前趋势。讨论了氮杂吩噻嗪环系、取代基的性质,主要是噻嗪氮原子以及嗪氮原子和碳原子对生物活性的影响。