Garseth Å H, Gjessing M C, Moldal T, Gjevre A G
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
J Fish Dis. 2018 Jan;41(1):139-145. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12688. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
In 2016, the Norwegian health monitoring programme for wild salmonids conducted a real-time PCR-based screening for salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.), anadromous and non-anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and trout (Salmo trutta L.). SGPV was widely distributed in wild Atlantic salmon returning from marine migration. In addition, characteristic gill lesions, including apoptosis, were detected in this species. A low amount of SGPV DNA, as indicated by high Ct-values, was detected in anadromous trout, but only in fish cohabiting with SGPV-positive salmon. SGPV was not detected in trout and salmon from non-anadromous water courses, and thus seems to be primarily linked to the marine environment. This could indicate that trout are not a natural host for the virus. SGPV was not detected in Arctic char but, due to a low sample size, these results are inconclusive. The use of freshwater from anadromous water sources may constitute a risk of introducing SGPV to aquaculture facilities. Moreover, SGPV-infected Atlantic salmon farms will hold considerable potential for virus propagation and spillback to wild populations. This interaction should therefore be further investigated.
2016年，挪威野生鲑科鱼类健康监测项目对溯河洄游的北极红点鲑（Salvelinus alpinus L.）、溯河洄游和非溯河洄游的大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）以及鳟鱼（Salmo trutta L.）进行了基于实时PCR的鲑鱼鳃痘病毒（SGPV）筛查。SGPV在从海洋洄游归来的野生大西洋鲑中广泛分布。此外，在该物种中检测到了包括细胞凋亡在内的特征性鳃部病变。在溯河洄游的鳟鱼中检测到少量SGPV DNA（表现为高Ct值），但仅在与SGPV阳性鲑鱼共居的鱼类中检测到。在非溯河洄流水道的鳟鱼和鲑鱼中未检测到SGPV，因此SGPV似乎主要与海洋环境有关。这可能表明鳟鱼不是该病毒的天然宿主。在北极红点鲑中未检测到SGPV，但由于样本量较小，这些结果尚无定论。使用溯河洄流水源的淡水可能会构成将SGPV引入水产养殖设施的风险。此外，感染SGPV的大西洋鲑养殖场将具有相当大的病毒传播和回流到野生种群的潜力。因此，应进一步研究这种相互作用。
