Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory of Ruda Slaska KORLAB NZOZ, Ruda Slaska, Poland.
Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2017 Dec;11:100-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
Staphylococcus aureus remains the most important cause of infections in hospitals and long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to analyse the resistance, virulence, and epidemiological and genetic relationships of S. aureus from bloodstream infections (BSIs) and pneumonia from patients in Southern Poland.
All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Etest was also performed for vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, oxacillin, cefoxitin and penicillin. PCR amplification was used to detect selected virulence genes. The genetic similarity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates was determined by spa typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Using the BURP algorithm and the Ridom SpaServer database, spa types were clustered into different clonal complexes (spa-CCs).
MRSA strains were observed at a prevalence of 26.7%, but 88.6% of hospital-acquired infections were MRSA, with no difference between BSIs and pneumonia. The highest resistance was observed to erythromycin and tobramycin. None of the strains were resistant to linezolid, glycopeptides or tigecycline. The strains had no significant virulence factors and the number of virulence genes present did not correlate with the degree of drug resistance. PFGE typing showed relatively high diversity of strains. The majority of isolates belonged to spa type t003 (CC5).
金黄色葡萄球菌仍然是医院和长期护理机构感染的最重要原因。本研究旨在分析来自波兰南部血液感染（BSI）和肺炎患者的金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性、毒力以及流行病学和遗传关系。
所有菌株均采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。还使用 Etest 法检测万古霉素、替考拉宁、替加环素、苯唑西林、头孢西丁和青霉素。采用 PCR 扩增法检测选定的毒力基因。通过 spa 分型和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）确定耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）分离株的遗传相似性。使用 BURP 算法和 Ridom SpaServer 数据库，spa 型聚类为不同的克隆复合体（spa-CC）。
MRSA 菌株的流行率为 26.7%，但 88.6%的医院获得性感染为 MRSA，BSI 和肺炎之间无差异。对红霉素和妥布霉素的耐药率最高。没有菌株对利奈唑胺、糖肽类或替加环素耐药。这些菌株没有明显的毒力因子，存在的毒力基因数量与耐药程度无关。PFGE 分型显示菌株具有相对较高的多样性。大多数分离株属于 spa 型 t003（CC5）。
