Current and emerging principles in surgery for meningioma.

Surgery continues to be the preferred method to treat meningioma. Recent advancements in the understanding of meningioma biology, including a new appreciation for remarkable molecular heterogeneity in these tumors, has sharpened the drive for disease control, especially on initial diagnosis. Microsurgical and skull base techniques and principles dominate the surgical approaches for meningiomas. At the same time, biologic tools may improve the extent of surgical resection as well as provide novel adjuvant therapy options for challenging meningiomas.