Institute of Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Institute of Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cortex. 2017 Sep;94:123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.004. Epub 2017 Jul 13.
One of the most important functions of cognitive control is action cascading: the ability to cope with multiple response options when confronted with various task goals. A recent study implicates a key role for dopamine (DA) in this process, suggesting higher D1 efficiency shifts the action cascading strategy toward a more serial processing mode, whereas higher D2 efficiency promotes a shift in the opposite direction by inducing a more parallel processing mode (Stock, Arning, Epplen, & Beste, 2014). Given that DA is found in high concentration in the retina and modulation of retinal DA release displays characteristics of D2-receptors (Peters, Schweibold, Przuntek, & Müller, 2000), color vision discrimination might serve as an index of D2 efficiency. We used color discrimination, assessed with the Lanthony Desaturated Panel D-15 test, to predict individual differences (N = 85) in a stop-change paradigm that provides a well-established measure of action cascading. In this task it is possible to calculate an individual slope value for each participant that estimates the degree of overlap in task goal activation. When the stopping process of a previous task goal has not finished at the time the change process toward a new task goal is initiated (parallel processing), the slope value becomes steeper. In case of less overlap (more serial processing), the slope value becomes flatter. As expected, participants showing better color vision were more prone to activate goals in a parallel manner as indicated by a steeper slope. Our findings suggest that color vision might represent a predictor of D2 efficiency and the predisposed processing mode of goal activation during action cascading.
当面临各种任务目标时，应对多种响应选项的能力。最近的一项研究表明，多巴胺（DA）在这个过程中起着关键作用，较高的 D1 效率将动作级联策略转变为更串行的处理模式，而较高的 D2 效率通过诱导更并行的处理模式来促进相反方向的转变（Stock、Arning、Epplen 和 Beste，2014）。鉴于 DA 在视网膜中高度集中，并且视网膜 DA 释放的调制显示出 D2 受体的特征（Peters、Schweibold、Przuntek 和 Müller，2000），颜色视觉辨别可能作为 D2 效率的指标。我们使用 Lanthony 去饱和面板 D-15 测试评估的颜色辨别来预测停止-变化范式中的个体差异（N=85），该范式提供了动作级联的既定衡量标准。在这个任务中，可以为每个参与者计算一个个体斜率值，该值估计任务目标激活的重叠程度。当启动新任务目标的变化过程时，前一个任务目标的停止过程尚未完成（并行处理），斜率值变得更陡峭。在重叠较少的情况下（更多的串行处理），斜率值变得更平坦。正如预期的那样，颜色视觉较好的参与者更倾向于以更平行的方式激活目标，这表现为斜率更陡。我们的研究结果表明，颜色视觉可能代表 D2 效率的预测因子以及动作级联期间目标激活的预设处理模式。
