Bedolla-Barajas Martín, Montero Hilda, Morales-Romero Jaime, Landa-Cardeña Adriana, Díaz Jahaziel, Delgado-Figueroa Netzahualpilli, Orozco-Alatorre Luis Gustavo
Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Gac Med Mex. 2017 May-Jun;153(3):329-334.
Wheezing in children not older than 24 months of age is a frequent event, and viruses are usually the causative agents. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of respiratory viruses in wheezing children who were not older than 24 months of age and who had no history of asthma.
Fifty-five Mexican children were included in an analytical cross-sectional study. Nasal secretions were obtained by using sterile rayon-tipped applicators to identify the virus by polymerase chain reaction or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: adenovirus, bocavirus, human rhinovirus, influenza virus type A, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. The prevalence of viral etiology was estimated by dividing the frequency of the identified virus by the number of participants. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals for proportions were calculated.
Most of the patients were male (35/55, 63.6%). The average time of evolution of wheezing episode was 3 days. The third part of enrolled population were receiving antibiotics. Respiratory viruses were detected in 33 (60%; 95% CI: 46.8-71.9%) out of 55 cases, and viral coinfection was detected in five cases (9.1%; 95% CI: 3.5-19.9%). Human metapneumovirus was the most frequently identified virus (23.6%), followed by bocavirus (14.5%), respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus (12.7% each), and to a lesser extent influenza virus type A and parainfluenza. Rhinovirus was the predominant virus in outpatient children (28.6%). In the inpatient emergency room and inhalotherapy room, human metapneumovirus predominated (41.2 and 16.1%, respectively).
bocavirus and human metapneumovirus were the most frequently identified viruses in Mexican children who were < 2 years of age, suffered from wheezing, and had no history of asthma.
24个月龄及以下儿童喘息是常见现象，病毒通常是致病原。本研究旨在评估24个月龄及以下且无哮喘病史的喘息儿童中呼吸道病毒的流行情况。
55名墨西哥儿童纳入一项分析性横断面研究。使用无菌棉拭子获取鼻分泌物，通过聚合酶链反应或逆转录聚合酶链反应鉴定病毒：腺病毒、博卡病毒、人鼻病毒、甲型流感病毒、人偏肺病毒、副流感病毒、鼻病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒。通过将鉴定出的病毒频率除以参与者数量来估计病毒病因的流行率。计算比例的95%置信区间。
大多数患者为男性（35/55，63.6%）。喘息发作的平均病程为3天。三分之一的纳入人群正在接受抗生素治疗。55例中有33例（60%；95%置信区间：46.8 - 71.9%）检测到呼吸道病毒，5例（9.1%；95%置信区间：3.5 - 19.9%）检测到病毒合并感染。人偏肺病毒是最常鉴定出的病毒（23.6%），其次是博卡病毒（14.5%）、呼吸道合胞病毒和鼻病毒（各12.7%），甲型流感病毒和副流感病毒的比例较低。鼻病毒是门诊儿童中的主要病毒（28.6%）。在住院急诊室和吸入治疗室，人偏肺病毒占主导（分别为41.2%和16.1%）。
在2岁以下、患有喘息且无哮喘病史的墨西哥儿童中，博卡病毒和人偏肺病毒是最常鉴定出的病毒。
