Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557 Puerto Montt, Chile.
Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile.
Chemosphere. 2017 Oct;185:1019-1029. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.108. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
The pesticides used by the salmon industry to treat sea lice, are applied in situ via a bath solution and are subsequently discharged into the surrounding medium. The effects of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide were assessed on the performance of Metacarcinus edwardsii larvae, an important crab for Chilean fishery. All larvae were dead or dying after 30 min of exposure to cypermethrin and after 40 min to deltamethrin at concentrations 100 and 20 times lower (0.15 and 0.1 μg L, respectively) than the concentrations and exposure times recommended by the manufacturers (CRM) to treat sea lice. Azamethiphos affected all larvae at a concentration 10 times lower than CRM. Hydrogen peroxide had the lowest detrimental effects, but at the CRM, 100% of the larvae were affected. Sub-lethal effects, i.e prolonged developmental time, were observed at concentrations lower than CRM. Repeated exposure to azamethiphos (0.0625-0.5 μg L) and hydrogen peroxide (188-1500 mg L) had effects on survival. In conclusion, the pesticides used against parasitic copepod tested here, negatively affect non-target crustacean larvae. Due to the product's characteristics, the lethal effects of the pyrethroids probably are restricted to the time and area of application, while the action of azamethiphos may extend to a wider area. Current data are insufficient to accurately dimension the effects of these compounds in the field. More research is required to evaluate the consequences of prolonged developmental times and/or reduction in appendage mobility, so as the effects of these compounds on the pelagic and benthic communities.
三文鱼产业用于治疗海虱的杀虫剂通过浴液原位应用，随后排放到周围介质中。本研究评估了氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、杀螟松和过氧化氢对智利渔业重要蟹类爱德华氏长足蟹幼虫的影响。所有幼虫在接触氯菊酯 30 分钟后，在浓度比制造商推荐浓度（CRM）低 100 倍和 20 倍（分别为 0.15 和 0.1μg/L），以及接触时间延长 40 分钟后，全部死亡或濒死。溴氰菊酯在浓度比 CRM 低 10 倍时也会影响所有幼虫。杀螟松的影响最大，浓度比 CRM 低 10 倍。过氧化氢的有害影响最小，但在 CRM 时，100%的幼虫受到影响。低于 CRM 的浓度会观察到亚致死效应，即发育时间延长。重复接触杀螟松（0.0625-0.5μg/L）和过氧化氢（188-1500mg/L）会影响生存。总之，这里测试的抗寄生桡足类的杀虫剂会对非目标甲壳类幼虫产生负面影响。由于该产品的特性，拟除虫菊酯的致死效应可能仅限于应用的时间和区域，而杀螟松的作用可能会扩展到更大的区域。目前的数据不足以准确衡量这些化合物在现场的影响。需要进行更多研究来评估这些化合物对浮游和底栖生物群落的影响，包括发育时间延长和/或附肢运动能力降低的后果。
