Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos, Gahr Maximilian, Schütz Stefan, Lang Dirk, Pajonk Frank Gerald Bernhard, Connemann Bernhard J, Muth Claus-Martin, Freudenmann Roland W
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.
Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Ulm.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2017 Jul;85(7):400-409. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-122709. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
Psychiatric emergencies (PE) in preclinical emergency medical services are about 5 - 10 % of all emergencies and represent often a source of difficulties in handling for the non-psychiatric professional helpers that deal with them. Studies informing about quantitative and qualitative changes of PEs in preclinical emergency medicine in Germany are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of PE in a preclinical emergency medical service based on the protocols of the emergency ambulance of the Section for Emergency Medicine at the University Hospital Ulm comparing the years 2000 and 2010. We observed a significant increase of PEs from 8.8 % in the year 2000 (n = 285, from a total of n = 3227) to 10.3 % in 2010 (n = 454, from a total of n = 4425). In both years intoxications were the most common PE [2000: n = 116 (44.4 %); 2010: n = 171 (37.7 %)], followed by suicide-related behavior [2000: n = 59 (22.6 %); 2010: n = 78 (17.2 %)] and acute anxiety disorders [2000: n = 37 (13 %); 2010: n = 105 (23.1 %)]. The mentioned three conditions accounted for about 80 % of all PE. Most frequently PE occurred at the weekend and with the highest density in the evening and at night (18 - 24 h) in both years. Patients with PE were predominantly men, but the rate of women causing PE increased between 2000 and 2010. This study provides preliminary data on current trends in PEs in preclinical emergency medicine in Germany and has implications for improving the medical care provided.
临床前急救医疗服务中的精神科急诊（PE）约占所有急诊的5%-10%，对于处理此类急诊的非精神科专业救援人员来说，往往是一个棘手的问题。目前关于德国临床前急救医学中PE的定量和定性变化的研究较少。因此，我们基于乌尔姆大学医院急诊医学科急救救护车的记录，对2000年和2010年的临床前急救医疗服务中的PE进行了一项回顾性横断面研究。我们观察到PE的比例从2000年的8.8%（n=285，总数n=3227）显著增加到2010年的10.3%（n=454，总数n=4425）。在这两年中，中毒都是最常见的PE类型[2000年：n=116（44.4%）；2010年：n=171（37.7%）]，其次是自杀相关行为[200年：n=59（22.6%）；2010年：n=78（17.2%）]和急性焦虑症[2000年：n=37（13%）；2010年：n=105（23.1%）]。上述三种情况约占所有PE的80%。大多数PE发生在周末，且在这两年中，晚上和夜间（18-24时）的发生率最高。患有PE的患者以男性为主，但在2000年至2010年间，引发PE的女性比例有所增加。本研究提供了德国临床前急救医学中PE当前趋势的初步数据，并对改善医疗服务具有启示意义。
