Just Katja Susanne, Schneider Katharina Luise, Schurig Marlen, Stingl Julia Carolin, Brockmöller Jürgen
Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs & Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany.
Centre for Translational Medicine, MedicalFaculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Pharmacogenomics. 2017 Aug;18(13):1281-1297. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0018. Epub 2017 Aug 4.
Falls is a frequent type of adverse drug reactions causing significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. We reviewed, with which drugs the risk of falls is relevant and might depend on genomic variation. Pharmacogenetic variability may contribute to drug-induced falls for instance mediated by impaired drug elimination due to inherited deficiency in enzymes like CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. The relative role of specific genes and polymorphisms in old age may differ from younger people. Biomarkers for frailty, but also genomic biomarkers might help identifying patients at high risk for drug-induced falls. Many other factors including disease and drug-drug interactions also contribute to risk of falls. Further studies analyzing the impact of genomic variation on the medication-related fall risk in the older adult are urgently needed.
跌倒在老年人中是一种常见的药物不良反应类型，会导致显著的发病率和死亡率。我们回顾了哪些药物与跌倒风险相关，以及这种风险可能如何取决于基因变异。药物遗传变异性可能导致药物引起的跌倒，例如，由细胞色素P450 2C9（CYP2C9）、细胞色素P450 2C19（CYP2C19）和细胞色素P450 2D6（CYP2D6）等酶的遗传性缺乏导致药物消除受损所介导。特定基因和多态性在老年人中的相对作用可能与年轻人不同。虚弱的生物标志物以及基因组生物标志物可能有助于识别药物引起跌倒的高危患者。许多其他因素，包括疾病和药物相互作用，也会导致跌倒风险。迫切需要进一步开展研究，分析基因变异对老年人药物相关跌倒风险的影响。
