Sorrie Muluken Bekele, Yesuf Melkie Edris, GebreMichael Tsgehana GebreGyorgis
Arbaminch University College of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Midwifery, Arbaminch, Ethiopia.
University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences Institute of Public Health, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 7;12(8):e0182511. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182511. eCollection 2017.
Overweight and obesity among children has emerged as one of the most serious public health concerns in the 21st century, which is a predictor of adulthood obesity, morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight /obesity and associated factors among preschool children.
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar City from February 14 to March 4, 2016. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 504 preschool children. Data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and WHO 2007 Anthro version 2.0.4 software. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify associated factors. P values <0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance.
A total of 500 study participants were included with 99.2% response rate and 51.6% were girls while 48.4% were boys. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 47.68 ±7.19 months. The combined prevalence of overweight /obesity was 13.8% (95%CI; 10.6, 17.2) the specific being 9.6% for overweight and 4.2% for obesity. The multivariable analysis indicated that the age group between 36-47 months [AOR = 2.38 (95%CI; 1.27,4.46)],high dietary diversity[AOR = 3.73(95%CI;1.15,12.54),consumption of sweet food[AOR = 2.69 (95%CI,1.21, 5.98)],time spent in watching television>2hr/day [AOR = 4.01 (95%CI;2.22, 7.26)] and mother's education at secondary level [AOR = 0.35 (95% CI; 0.12, 0.96)] were associated with overweight/obesity among preschool children.
Once considered a high income country problem, result of this study in urban city like Gondar reveals that overweight/obesity is on the rise in urban Ethiopia, which indicates the need for formulating preventive programs and policies during a child's early years.
儿童超重和肥胖已成为21世纪最严重的公共卫生问题之一，是成人肥胖、发病和死亡的一个预测指标。本研究的目的是评估学龄前儿童超重/肥胖的患病率及其相关因素。
2016年2月14日至3月4日在贡德尔市开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术共选取504名学龄前儿童。通过结构化访谈问卷和人体测量收集数据。数据使用Epidata 3.1版本录入，并使用SPSS 20版本和WHO 2007 Anthro 2.0.4版本软件进行分析。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析以确定相关因素。采用P值<0.05且置信水平为95%来判定统计学显著性。
共纳入500名研究参与者，应答率为99.2%，其中女孩占51.6%，男孩占48.4%。参与者的平均（±标准差）年龄为47.68±7.19个月。超重/肥胖的合并患病率为13.8%（95%置信区间；10.6, 17.2），其中超重率为9.6%，肥胖率为4.2%。多变量分析表明，36 - 47个月年龄组[AOR = 2.38（95%置信区间；1.27, 4.46）]、高饮食多样性[AOR = 3.73（95%置信区间；1.15, 12.54）]、甜食消费[AOR = 2.69（95%置信区间，1.21, 5.98）]、每天看电视时间>2小时[AOR = 4.01（95%置信区间；2.22, 7.26）]以及母亲接受中等教育[AOR = 0.35（95%置信区间；0.12, 0.96）]与学龄前儿童超重/肥胖相关。
超重/肥胖问题曾被认为是高收入国家才有的问题，本研究在贡德尔这样的城市所获结果表明，超重/肥胖在埃塞俄比亚城市呈上升趋势，这表明有必要在儿童早期制定预防计划和政策。
