directly modulates the core limb development program to implement hindlimb identity.

Forelimbs (FLs) and hindlimbs (HLs) develop complex musculoskeletal structures that rely on the deployment of a conserved developmental program. , a transcription factor gene with expression restricted to HL and absent from FL, plays an important role in generating HL features. The genomic mechanisms by which effects HL identity remain poorly understood. Here, we use expression profiling and analysis of direct Pitx1 targets to characterize the HL- and FL-restricted genetic programs in mouse and situate the -dependent gene network within the context of limb-specific gene regulation. We show that is a crucial component of a narrow network of HL-restricted regulators, acting on a developmental program that is shared between FL and HL. Pitx1 targets sites that are in a similar chromatin state in FL and HL and controls expression of patterning genes as well as the chondrogenic program, consistent with impaired chondrogenesis in HL. These findings support a model in which multifactorial actions of a limited number of HL regulators redirect the generic limb development program in order to generate the unique structural features of the limb.