Antinienė Dalia, Lekavičienė Rosita
Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Philosophy and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2017;53(4):277-284. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 Aug 5.
The objective of this article is to unveil the ways in which the emotional intelligence (EI) of a young person is linked with subjective assessment of physical state, depressiveness, anxiety, and psychological well-being, as well as to determine whether these factors are reliable predictors of EI constituents.
The study was conducted using an original EI test (EI-DARL-V1/V2), which consisted of a traditional 73-item questionnaire; tasks of emotional, social and interpersonal situations; and identification of emotions in facial expressions (pictures). Questionnaire items were multiplexed into 5 subscales using multi-step factor analysis. Special questionnaires were devised and presented to participants together with the EI questionnaire in order to assess subjective assessment of physical and mental health, depressiveness, anxiety, and psychological well-being. There were 1430 participants from various regions of Lithuania who participated in the study. The age of participants varied from 17 to 27 years.
Established inverse linear correlation showed that those participants who experienced certain somatic symptoms or unpleasant psychological states had lower EI; a particularly strong correlation was observed between poor subjective assessment of health and understanding and control of one's own emotions. Depressed and anxious participants possessed poorer understanding and ability to regulate emotions of others as well as their own. Also, these participants performed worse when resolving emotional, social, and interpersonal situations. A direct relationship between EI and psychological well-being was established according to three EI indexes i.e. (a) understanding of own emotions; (b) understanding of emotions of other people; (c) control of emotions of others. As perception of psychological well-being increased, participants were able to understand emotions of others better and demonstrated even better ability to understand and control their own emotions. The study failed to determine whether emotion recognition from non-verbal signs (face pictures) was related to at least one of the previously mentioned indexes.
The study revealed that the factors such as subjective assessment of physical and mental health, depressiveness, anxiety, and psychological well-being were reliable predictors of certain EI indexes.
本文旨在揭示年轻人的情商（EI）与身体状况主观评估、抑郁、焦虑及心理健康之间的关联方式，并确定这些因素是否为EI构成要素的可靠预测指标。
本研究采用了原创的EI测试（EI-DARL-V1/V2），该测试由一份传统的73项问卷、情感、社交和人际情境任务以及面部表情（图片）中的情绪识别组成。问卷项目通过多步因子分析被整合为5个分量表。为评估身心健康、抑郁、焦虑及心理健康的主观评估，设计了专门的问卷并与EI问卷一同呈现给参与者。来自立陶宛不同地区的1430名参与者参与了该研究。参与者年龄在17至27岁之间。
已确定的反向线性相关性表明，经历某些躯体症状或不愉快心理状态的参与者情商较低；在健康主观评估较差与对自身情绪的理解和控制之间观察到特别强的相关性。抑郁和焦虑的参与者对他人情绪以及自身情绪的理解和调节能力较差。此外，这些参与者在解决情感、社交和人际情境时表现更差。根据三个EI指标，即（a）对自身情绪的理解；（b）对他人情绪的理解；（c）对他人情绪的控制，建立了EI与心理健康之间的直接关系。随着心理健康感知度增加，参与者能够更好地理解他人情绪，并表现出更好的理解和控制自身情绪的能力。该研究未能确定从非语言信号（面部图片）识别情绪是否与上述至少一个指标相关。
该研究表明，身心健康主观评估、抑郁、焦虑及心理健康等因素是某些EI指标的可靠预测指标。
