The Lymphotoxin Receptor Is Essential for Upregulation of IFN-Induced Guanylate-Binding Proteins and Survival after Infection.

Lymphotoxin receptor (LTR) signaling plays an important role in efficient initiation of host responses to a variety of pathogens, encompassing viruses, bacteria, and protozoans via induction of the type I interferon response. The present study reveals that after infection, LTR mice show a substantially reduced survival rate when compared to wild-type mice. LTR mice exhibit an increased parasite load and a more pronounced organ pathology. Also, a delayed increase of serum IL-12p40 and a failure of the protective IFN response in LTR mice were observed. Serum NO levels in LTR animals rose later and were markedly decreased compared to wild-type animals. At the transcriptional level, LTR animals exhibited a deregulated expression profile of several cytokines known to play a role in activation of innate immunity in infection. Importantly, expression of the IFN-regulated murine guanylate-binding protein (mGBP) genes was virtually absent in the lungs of LTR mice. This demonstrates clearly that the LTR is essential for the induction of a type II IFN-mediated immune response against . The pronounced inability to effectively upregulate host defense effector molecules such as GBPs explains the high mortality rates of LTR animals after infection.