Graduate School of Integrated Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456, Singapore.
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543, Singapore.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Oct 3;51(19):11085-11095. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02918. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
The factors influencing bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic organisms are not well understood. The present study involved a comprehensive laboratory investigation to assess the bioaccumulation behavior of several PPCPs in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The studied PPCPs included several ionogenic organic compounds (IOCs) such as weak acids and weak bases. Experiments involved two exposure groups (high and low) and a control group, with a 6 day aqueous exposure, followed by a 7 day depuration phase under flow-through conditions. Uptake rate constants (k) ranged between 0.19 and 8610 L·kg·d, while depuration rate constants (k) ranged between 0.14 and 5.14 d in different fish tissues. Steady-state bioconcentration factor (BCF) values varied widely among the studied PPCPs, ranging from 0.09 to 6,460. In many cases, BCF values of individual PPCPs differed substantially among different fish tissues. Positive linear relationships were observed between log BCF values and physical-chemical properties such as octanol-water distribution coefficients (log D), membrane-water distribution coefficients (log D), albumin-water distribution coefficients (log D), and muscle protein-water distribution coefficients (log D), indicating the importance of lipid-, phospholipid-, and protein-water partitioning. The results also showed that for many PPCPs, the estimated whole-body metabolism rate constant (k) values were comparable to the observed depuration rate (k), indicating that metabolism plays a major role in the overall elimination of these compounds in zebrafish. An exception was sertraline, which exhibited a k value (0.4-0.5 d) that was much higher than the estimated whole-body k (0.03 d). Overall, the results help to better understand the influence of physical-chemical properties and biotransformation on bioaccumulation behavior of these contaminants of concern in aquatic organisms.
影响药物和个人护理产品（PPCPs）在水生生物体内生物累积的因素尚不清楚。本研究进行了一项全面的实验室调查，以评估几种 PPCPs 在成年斑马鱼（Danio rerio）中的生物累积行为。所研究的 PPCPs 包括几种离子有机化合物（IOCs），如弱酸和弱碱。实验涉及两个暴露组（高和低）和一个对照组，进行了 6 天的水暴露，然后在流动条件下进行了 7 天的净化阶段。在不同的鱼类组织中，吸收速率常数（k）范围在 0.19 和 8610 L·kg·d 之间，而净化速率常数（k）范围在 0.14 和 5.14 d 之间。在所研究的 PPCPs 中，稳态生物浓缩因子（BCF）值差异很大，范围从 0.09 到 6460。在许多情况下，个别 PPCPs 的 BCF 值在不同的鱼类组织中差异很大。观察到 log BCF 值与物理化学性质（如辛醇-水分配系数（log D）、膜-水分配系数（log D）、白蛋白-水分配系数（log D）和肌肉蛋白-水分配系数（log D）之间存在正线性关系，表明脂质、磷脂和蛋白质-水分配的重要性。结果还表明，对于许多 PPCPs，估计的全身代谢速率常数（k）值与观察到的净化速率（k）相当，表明代谢在这些化合物在斑马鱼中的整体消除中起主要作用。一个例外是舍曲林，其 k 值（0.4-0.5 d）远高于估计的全身 k 值（0.03 d）。总的来说，这些结果有助于更好地理解物理化学性质和生物转化对水生生物中这些关注污染物生物累积行为的影响。
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