Zhou Qi-le, Xu Wei, Yang Xiu-Wei
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016 Jan;41(2):233-249. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20160214.
The chemical constituents of the Chinese red ginseng were systematically investigated by using various column chromatographic methods including D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins and open silica gel column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography.Their chemical structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses.Fifty-two compounds were isolated from Chinese red ginseng decoction and identified as 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (1), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (2), ginsenoside Rg₆ (3), 20(22) E-ginsenoside F₄ (4), ginsenoside Rk₃ (5), 20(22) E-ginsenoside Rh₄ (6), ginsenoside Rg₁ (7), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf-1a(8), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf(9), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rf(10),20(S)-notoginsenoside R₂ (11),20(R)-notoginsenoside R₂ (12), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₂ (13), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₂ (14), ginsenoside Rs₂ (15),ginsenoside Rs₁ (16),ginsenoside Rd(17),notoginsenoside R₁ (18),ginsenoside Re₂ (19), ginsenoside Re(20), 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf(21),quinquenoside-R₁ (22),ginsenoside Ro methyl ester(23),ginsenoside Ro(24),ginsenoside Rb₁ (25),ginsenoside Rc(26),ginsenoside Rb₂ (27),ginsenoside Ra₂ (28),ginsenoside Ra₃ (29),ginsenoside Rb₃ (30),20(22)Z-ginsenoside Rh₄ (31),chikusetsusaponin IVa butyl ester(32), 20(22)Z-ginsenoside Rs₄ (33),ginsenoside Rs₅ (34),20(22)E-ginsenoside Rs₄ (35),zingibroside R1-6'-butyl ester(36), chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester(37),20(S)-ginsenoside Rs₃ (38),20(R)-ginsenoside Rs₃ (39),zingibroside R1-6'-methyl ester(40),ginsenoside Rz₁ (41),ginsenoside Rk₁ (42),ginsenoside Rg₅ (43),23-O-methylginsenoside-Rg₁ ₁ (44),12β,25-dihydroxydammar-20(22)E-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(45), 20(22)Z-ginsenoside F₄ (46),3β,12β-dihydroxydammar-20(22)E,24-diene-6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(47), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (48),20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (49),20(22)E-ginsenoside Rg₉ (50),ginsenoside-Ro-6'-butyl ester(51), and polyacetyleneginsenoside Ro(52). Compounds 8, 12, 31-33, 36, 37, 44, 45, 47 and 51 were isolated from the P. ginseng, and compounds 19, 23 and 46 were isolated from Chinese red ginseng for the first time.
采用多种柱色谱方法，包括D - 101大孔吸附树脂、开放硅胶柱色谱以及高效液相色谱，对中国红参的化学成分进行了系统研究。通过理化性质和光谱分析确定了它们的化学结构。从红参汤剂中分离出52种化合物，分别鉴定为20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₁(1)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh₁(2)、人参皂苷Rg₆(3)、20(22)E - 人参皂苷F₄(4)、人参皂苷Rk₃(5)、20(22)E - 人参皂苷Rh₄(6)、人参皂苷Rg₁(7)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rf - 1a(8)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rf(9)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rf(10)、20(S)-三七皂苷R₂(11)、20(R)-三七皂苷R₂(12)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg₂(13)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rg₂(14)、人参皂苷Rs₂(15)、人参皂苷Rs₁(16)、人参皂苷Rd(17)、三七皂苷R₁(18)、人参皂苷Re₂(19)、人参皂苷Re(20)、20 - 葡萄糖基人参皂苷Rf(21)、五糖皂苷 - R₁(22)、人参皂苷Ro甲酯(23)、人参皂苷Ro(24)、人参皂苷Rb₁(25)、人参皂苷Rc(26)、人参皂苷Rb₂(27)、人参皂苷Ra₂(28)、人参皂苷Ra₃(29)、人参皂苷Rb₃(30)、20(22)Z - 人参皂苷Rh₄(31)、竹节参皂苷IVa丁酯(32)、20(22)Z - 人参皂苷Rs₄(33)、人参皂苷Rs₅(34)、20(22)E - 人参皂苷Rs₄(35)、姜状三七苷R1 - 6'-丁酯(36)、竹节参皂苷IVa甲酯(37)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rs₃(38)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rs₃(39)、姜状三七苷R1 - 6'-甲酯(40)、人参皂苷Rz₁(41)、人参皂苷Rk₁(42)、人参皂苷Rg₅(43)、23 - O - 甲基人参皂苷 - Rg₁ ₁(44)、12β,25 - 二羟基达玛 - 20(22)E - 烯 - 3 - O - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖基 - (1→2)-O - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖苷(45)、20(22)Z - 人参皂苷F₄(46)、3β,12β - 二羟基达玛 - 20(22)E,24 - 二烯 - 6 - O - β - D - 木吡喃糖基 - (1→2)-O - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖苷(47)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg₃(48)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rg₃(49)、20(22)E - 人参皂苷Rg₉(50)、人参皂苷 - Ro - 6'-丁酯(51)和聚乙炔基人参皂苷Ro(52)。化合物8、12、31 - 33、36、37、44、45、47和51从人参中分离得到，化合物19、23和46首次从中国红参中分离得到。
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