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本文引用的文献

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Highly Directional Sonar Beam of Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) Measured with a Vertical 16 Hydrophone Array.使用垂直16水听器阵列测量独角鲸（Monodon monoceros）的高定向声纳束。
PLoS One. 2016 Nov 9;11(11):e0162069. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162069. eCollection 2016.
2
Nearfield and farfield measurements of dolphin echolocation beam patterns: No evidence of focusing.海豚回声定位波束模式的近场和远场测量：无聚焦证据。
J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Aug;140(2):1346. doi: 10.1121/1.4961015.
3
Apparent source levels and active communication space of whistles of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Estuary and Beibu Gulf, China.中国珠江口和北部湾野生中华白海豚（Sousa chinensis）哨声的视在源级和有效通信空间。
PeerJ. 2016 Feb 15;4:e1695. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1695. eCollection 2016.
4
Transmission beam characteristics of a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus).里氏海豚（灰海豚）的发射波束特性。
J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Jan;139(1):53-62. doi: 10.1121/1.4937752.
5
Comparison of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) whistles from two areas of western Peninsular Malaysia.马来西亚半岛西部两个区域中华白海豚（Sousa chinensis）哨叫声的比较。
J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Nov;138(5):2829-35. doi: 10.1121/1.4934254.
6
Passive Acoustic Monitoring the Diel, Lunar, Seasonal and Tidal Patterns in the Biosonar Activity of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Estuary, China.被动声学监测中国珠江口中华白海豚（Sousa chinensis）生物声呐活动的昼夜、月、季节和潮汐模式。
PLoS One. 2015 Nov 18;10(11):e0141807. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141807. eCollection 2015.
7
Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) use a high-frequency short-range biosonar.亚马逊河豚（印河豚）使用高频短程生物声纳。
J Exp Biol. 2015 Oct;218(Pt 19):3091-101. doi: 10.1242/jeb.120501.
8
Echolocation signals of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Sanniang Bay, China.中国三娘湾自由放养的印太驼背豚（中华白海豚）的回声定位信号。
J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Sep;138(3):1346-52. doi: 10.1121/1.4929492.
9
Support for the beam focusing hypothesis in the false killer whale.对伪虎鲸中光束聚焦假说的支持。
J Exp Biol. 2015 Aug;218(Pt 15):2455-62. doi: 10.1242/jeb.119966. Epub 2015 Jun 8.
10
Single-click beam patterns suggest dynamic changes to the field of view of echolocating Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) in the wild.单次点击波束模式表明，野生环境中进行回声定位的大西洋斑点原海豚（Stenella frontalis）的视野存在动态变化。
J Exp Biol. 2015 May;218(Pt 9):1314-24. doi: 10.1242/jeb.116285. Epub 2015 Mar 12.

自由放养的印太驼背豚（中华白海豚，学名：Sousa chinensis）的回声定位发射波束。

The echolocation transmission beam of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis).

作者信息

Fang Liang, Wu Yuping, Wang Kexiong, Pine Matthew K, Wang Ding, Li Songhai

机构信息

South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Lab of Marine Bioresource and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China.

The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

J Acoust Soc Am. 2017 Aug;142(2):771. doi: 10.1121/1.4996499.

DOI:10.1121/1.4996499
PMID:28863578
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5552390/
Abstract

While the transmission beam of odontocetes has been described in a number of studies, the majority of them that have measured the transmission beam in two dimensions were focused on captive animals. Within the current study, a dedicated cross hydrophone array with nine elements was used to investigate the echolocation transmission beam of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. A total of 265 on-axis clicks were analyzed, from which the apparent peak to peak source levels ranged between 168 to 207 dB (mean 184.5 dB ± 6.6 dB). The 3-dB beam width along the horizontal and vertical plane was 9.6° and 7.4°, respectively. Measured separately, the directivity index of the horizontal and vertical plane was 12.6 and 13.5 dB, respectively, and the overall directivity index (both planes combined) was 29.5 dB. The beam shape was slightly asymmetrical along the horizontal and vertical axis. Compared to other species, the characteristics of the transmitting beam of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins were relatively close to the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), likely due to the similarity in the peak frequency and waveform of echolocation clicks and comparable body sizes of the two species.

摘要

虽然在许多研究中都描述了齿鲸的发射波束，但大多数在二维空间测量发射波束的研究都集中在圈养动物身上。在本研究中，使用了一个由九个元件组成的专用交叉水听器阵列来研究自由放养的印太驼背豚的回声定位发射波束。总共分析了265次轴向滴答声，其表观峰峰值源级在168至207dB之间（平均184.5dB±6.6dB）。水平和垂直平面上的3dB波束宽度分别为9.6°和7.4°。分别测量，水平和垂直平面的指向性指数分别为12.6和13.5dB，整体指向性指数（两个平面组合）为29.5dB。波束形状在水平和垂直轴上略有不对称。与其他物种相比，印太驼背豚发射波束的特征与宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus）相对接近，这可能是由于两种动物回声定位滴答声的峰值频率和波形相似，且体型相当。