Kuzmina O, Hassan N H, Patel L, Ashworth C, Bakis E, White A J P, Hunt P A, Welton T
Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Dalton Trans. 2017 Sep 28;46(36):12185-12200. doi: 10.1039/c7dt02372c. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Solvatochromic transition metal (TM)-complexes with weakly associating counter-anions are often used to evaluate traditional neutral solvent and anion coordination ability. However, when employed in ionic liquids (IL) many of the common assumptions made are no longer reliable. This study investigates the coordinating ability of weakly coordinating IL anions in traditional solvents and within IL solvents employing a range of solvatochromic copper complexes. Complexes of the form [Cu(acac)(tmen)][X] (acac = acetylacetonate, tmen = tetramethylethylenediamine) where [X] = [ClO], Cl, [NO], [SCN], [OTf], [NTf] and [PF] have been synthesised and characterised both experimentally and computationally. ILs based on these anions and imidazolium and pyrrolidinium cations, some of which are functionalised with hydroxyl and nitrile groups, have been examined. IL-anion coordination has been investigated and compared to typical weakly coordinating anions. We have found there is potential for competition at the Cu-centre and cases of anions traditionally assigned as weakly associating that demonstrate a stronger than expected level of coordinating ability within ILs. [Cu(acac)(tmen)][PF] is shown to contain the least coordinating anion and is established as the most sensitive probe studied here. Using this probe, the donor numbers (DNs) of ILs have been determined. Relative donor ability is further confirmed based on the UV-Vis of a neutral complex, [Cu(sacsac)] (sacsac = dithioacetylacetone), and DNs evaluated viaNa NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that ILs can span a wide donor range, similar in breadth to conventional solvents.
具有弱缔合抗衡阴离子的溶剂致变色过渡金属(TM)配合物常用于评估传统中性溶剂和阴离子的配位能力。然而,当用于离子液体(IL)时,许多常见的假设不再可靠。本研究使用一系列溶剂致变色铜配合物研究了弱配位IL阴离子在传统溶剂和IL溶剂中的配位能力。合成了形式为[Cu(acac)(tmen)][X](acac = 乙酰丙酮,tmen = 四甲基乙二胺)的配合物,其中[X] = [ClO]、Cl、[NO]、[SCN]、[OTf]、[NTf]和[PF],并通过实验和计算对其进行了表征。研究了基于这些阴离子以及咪唑鎓和吡咯烷鎓阳离子的离子液体,其中一些用羟基和腈基进行了功能化。研究了IL-阴离子配位,并与典型的弱配位阴离子进行了比较。我们发现,在铜中心存在竞争的可能性,并且传统上被认为是弱缔合的阴离子在离子液体中表现出比预期更强的配位能力。[Cu(acac)(tmen)][PF]被证明含有配位能力最弱的阴离子,并被确定为这里研究的最敏感的探针。使用该探针,测定了离子液体的给体数(DNs)。基于中性配合物[Cu(sacsac)](sacsac = 二硫代乙酰丙酮)的紫外-可见光谱以及通过钠核磁共振光谱评估的给体数,进一步证实了相对给体能力。我们证明,离子液体可以涵盖很宽的给体范围,其广度与传统溶剂相似。