Most Steven B, Kennedy Briana L, Petras Edgar A
School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia.
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2017;2(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s41235-017-0068-1. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
Memories consolidate over time, with one consequence being that what we experience learning can influence what we remember. In these experiments, women who engaged in 5 minutes of low-impact exercise immediately after learning showed better recall for paired associations than did women who engaged in a non-exercise control activity. In experiments 1 and 2, this benefit was apparent in a direct comparison between exercise and non-exercise groups. In experiment 3, it was reflected in a weak, positive correlation between memory performance and exercise-induced change in heart rate. In experiment 4, similar patterns emerged, although they fell short of statistical significance. Such memorial benefits did not emerge among male participants. In experiment 1, half the participants alternatively engaged in an equivalent period of exercise prior to learning, with no benefits for retention of the learned material, suggesting that the memorial benefits of exercise-induced arousal may reflect a specific impact on post-learning processes such as memory consolidation. A meta-analysis across the experiments revealed a reliable benefit of post-learning exercise among women. Variation in the strength of the effect between experiments is consistent with a literature suggesting small but reliable benefits of acute exercise on cognitive performance.
记忆会随着时间的推移而巩固，其结果之一是我们所学的经历会影响我们所记住的内容。在这些实验中，与进行非运动对照活动的女性相比，在学习后立即进行5分钟低强度运动的女性对配对联想的记忆表现更好。在实验1和实验2中，运动组和非运动组的直接对比中，这种益处很明显。在实验3中，它体现在记忆表现与运动引起的心率变化之间的微弱正相关上。在实验4中，也出现了类似的模式，尽管未达到统计学显著性。男性参与者中未出现这种记忆益处。在实验1中，一半参与者在学习前交替进行了相同时间段的运动，对所学材料的记忆没有益处，这表明运动引起的唤醒对记忆的益处可能反映了对学习后过程（如记忆巩固）的特定影响。对这些实验的荟萃分析显示，学习后运动对女性有可靠的益处。实验之间效应强度的差异与文献一致，即急性运动对认知表现有虽小但可靠的益处。
