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尤罗内穆斯的关系:一种具有高度特化齿板的石炭纪肺鱼。

The relationships of Uronemus: a carboniferous dipnoan with highly modified tooth plates.

作者信息

Smith M M, Smithson T R, Campbell K S

机构信息

Unit of Anatomy in relation to Dentistry, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K.

出版信息

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1987 Oct 14;317(1185):299-327. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1987.0065.

Abstract

Previous accounts of the dentition of the Carboniferous dipnoan Uronemus have stressed the significance of the scattered small denticles. These, together with the marginal teeth and ridges, have been interpreted as primitive characters of the dipnoan dentition shared with three other genera: the Devonian Uranlophus and Griphognathus and the Carboniferous to Permian Conchopoma. Genera with tooth plates have been considered to be a monophyletic group in which tooth plates are a derived character; Uronemus has been excluded from this group in all previous investigations dealing with the significance of the dentition for determining relationships among dipnoans. The macromorphology of the dentition of Uronemus has been re-examined and correlated with the histology of all the dental tissues. Optical study of thin sections and scanning electron microscope study of the adjacent cut surfaces has shown that the hard, wear-resistant dentine of the teeth and ridges is petrodentine. The arrangement, growth, wear and histology of the dental tissues have been compared with those of denticulated and tooth-plated genera. The arrangement of new teeth relative to the tooth ridge, the pattern of wear along the ridge, and the type of dentine and its growth indicate that the dentition of Uronemus is best interpreted as a tooth plate with one long lingual tooth ridge and reduced lateral tooth rows. Therefore the marginal tooth ridges are not considered to be homologous with those of denticulate dipnoans such as Uranolophus. The presence of petrodentine, a tissue type only found in forms with tooth plates, is consistent with the view that the dentition is derived by modification of a radiate tooth plate. The denticles covering restricted regions of the palate and lower jaw are considered to have been a secondary acquisition. The suggestion that Conchopoma is a close relative of Uronemus is not accepted, and possible new relationships have been proposed. New data on Scaumenacia and Phaneropleuron, two other genera previously compared with Uronemus, are presented. Rhinodipterus, a form with elongate lingual ridges, is also discussed. Phaneropleuron is shown to have radiate tooth plates and not a marginal row of conical teeth as previously described. It is proposed that the tooth plate of Uronemus is derived from a dipterid type of plate. A discussion of some of the other factors involved in determining the relationships of the genus is given.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

摘要

此前关于石炭纪肺鱼目鱼类尤罗内穆斯(Uronemus)齿列的描述,着重强调了散布的小齿粒的重要性。这些小齿粒,连同边缘齿和齿嵴,被解读为肺鱼目齿列的原始特征,与其他三个属共有:泥盆纪的乌拉诺洛普斯(Uranlophus)和格里芬颚鱼(Griphognathus)以及石炭纪至二叠纪的孔颌鱼(Conchopoma)。具有齿板的属被认为是一个单系类群,其中齿板是一个衍生特征;在以往所有关于齿列对于确定肺鱼目之间关系的重要性的研究中,尤罗内穆斯都被排除在这个类群之外。尤罗内穆斯齿列的宏观形态已被重新审视,并与所有牙齿组织的组织学进行了关联。对薄片的光学研究以及对相邻切割面的扫描电子显微镜研究表明,牙齿和齿嵴坚硬、耐磨的牙本质是石化牙本质。牙齿组织的排列、生长、磨损和组织学已与有小齿粒和有齿板的属进行了比较。新牙相对于齿嵴的排列、齿嵴上的磨损模式以及牙本质的类型及其生长情况表明,尤罗内穆斯的齿列最好被解释为具有一条长的舌侧齿嵴且侧齿列减少的齿板。因此,边缘齿嵴不被认为与诸如乌拉诺洛普斯等有小齿粒的肺鱼目的齿嵴同源。石化牙本质的存在,这种组织类型仅在有齿板的形态中发现,这与齿列是由辐射状齿板经过修饰而衍生的观点一致。覆盖腭部和下颌特定区域的小齿粒被认为是次生获得的。孔颌鱼是尤罗内穆斯近亲的观点未被接受,并提出了可能的新关系。还展示了关于斯考梅纳西亚(Scaumenacia)和显肋鱼(Phaneropleuron)这两个先前与尤罗内穆斯进行过比较的属的新数据。还讨论了具有细长舌侧齿嵴的形态——鼻鳍鱼(Rhinodipterus)。显肋鱼被证明具有辐射状齿板,而不是如先前所述的一排边缘锥形齿。有人提出尤罗内穆斯的齿板源自双鳍鱼类型的齿板。文中还对确定该属关系时涉及的一些其他因素进行了讨论。(摘要截选至400字)

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