组织、性别和年龄特异性的大鼠糖皮质激素受体基因启动子和胰岛素样生长因子 2 印迹控制区的 DNA 甲基化。

Tissue-, sex-, and age-specific DNA methylation of rat glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter and insulin-like growth factor 2 imprinting control region.

机构信息

Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.

Systems Biology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.

出版信息

Physiol Genomics. 2017 Nov 1;49(11):690-702. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00009.2017. Epub 2017 Sep 15.

Abstract

Tissue-, sex-, and age-specific epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation are largely unknown. Changes in DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene () and imprinting control region (ICR) of and genes during the lifespan are particularly interesting since these genes are susceptible to epigenetic modifications by prenatal stress or malnutrition. They are important regulators of development and aging. Methylation changes of affect glucocorticoid receptor expression, which is associated with stress sensitivity and stress-related diseases predominantly occurring during aging. Methylation changes of affect growth trajectory and nutrient use with risk of metabolic syndrome. Using a locus-specific approach, we characterized DNA methylation patterns of different promoters and ICR in seven tissues of rats at 3, 9, and 24 mo of age. We found a complex pattern of locus-, tissue-, sex-, and age-specific DNA methylation. Tissue-specific methylation was most prominent at the shores of the CpG island (CGI). Sex-specific differences in methylation peaked at 9 mo. During aging, predominantly displayed hypomethylation mainly in females and at shores, whereas hypermethylation occurred within the CGI. ICR exhibited age-related hypomethylation occurring mainly in males. Methylation patterns of in the skin correlated with those in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Skin may serve as proxy for methylation changes in central parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hence for vulnerability to stress- and age-associated diseases. Thus, we provide in-depth insight into the complex DNA methylation changes of rat and during aging that are tissue and sex specific.

摘要

组织、性别和年龄特异性的表观遗传修饰,如 DNA 甲基化,在很大程度上是未知的。糖皮质激素受体基因 () 和 基因的印迹控制区 (ICR) 的 DNA 甲基化在整个生命过程中的变化特别有趣,因为这些基因容易受到产前应激或营养不良引起的表观遗传修饰的影响。它们是发育和衰老的重要调节因子。 的甲基化变化会影响糖皮质激素受体的表达,这与应激敏感性和主要发生在衰老过程中的应激相关疾病有关。 的甲基化变化会影响生长轨迹和营养物质的利用,增加代谢综合征的风险。我们采用特定基因座的方法,在 3、9 和 24 月龄的大鼠的 7 种组织中,对不同 的启动子和 ICR 的 DNA 甲基化模式进行了特征描述。我们发现了一种复杂的基因座、组织、性别和年龄特异性 DNA 甲基化模式。在 CpG 岛(CGI)的边缘,组织特异性甲基化最为明显。性别特异性的甲基化差异在 9 月龄时达到峰值。在衰老过程中, 主要表现为雌性和边缘的低甲基化,而 CGI 内则表现为高甲基化。ICR 表现出与年龄相关的低甲基化,主要发生在雄性。皮肤中的 甲基化模式与皮质、海马体和下丘脑中的模式相关。皮肤可能是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴中枢部分的甲基化变化的替代物,因此可能是对与应激和年龄相关的疾病易感性的替代物。因此,我们深入了解了大鼠 和 在衰老过程中组织和性别特异性的复杂 DNA 甲基化变化。

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