Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Hebelstr. 27, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Talanta. 2018 Jan 1;176:360-366. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.047. Epub 2017 Aug 15.
Alternative matrices play a major role in postmortem forensic toxicology, especially if common matrices (like body fluids or hair) are not available. Incorporation of illicit and medicinal drugs into non-mineralized dental biofilm (plaque) seems likely but has not been investigated so far. Analysis of plaque could therefore extend the spectrum of potentially used matrices in postmortem toxicology. For this reason, a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the extraction, determination and quantification of ten drugs of abuse from plaque using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and fully validated. Amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine and 6-acetylmorphine were extracted from 2mg of dried and powdered plaque via ultrasonication with acetonitrile. The extracts were analyzed on a triple-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer in scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mode (sMRM). The method was fully validated and proved accurate, precise, selective and specific with satisfactory linearity within the calibrated ranges. The lower limit of quantification was 10-15pgmg for all compounds except for MDA (100pgmg) and amphetamine (200pgmg). The method has been successfully applied to three authentic postmortem samples with known drug history. Amphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine and codeine could be detected in these cases in concentrations ranging from 18pgmg for cocaine to 1400pgmg for amphetamine.
替代基质在法医毒理学中的作用非常重要,尤其是在常见基质(如体液或毛发)不可用时。非法药物和药物掺入非矿化牙生物膜(菌斑)中似乎很有可能,但迄今为止尚未进行研究。因此,分析菌斑可以扩展法医毒理学中潜在使用的基质范围。出于这个原因,开发并充分验证了一种使用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)从菌斑中提取、测定和定量十种滥用药物的快速、简单和灵敏的方法。从 2mg 干燥和粉末化的菌斑中通过超声处理用乙腈提取安非他命、甲基苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)、3,4-亚甲二氧基-N-乙基苯丙胺(MDEA)、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺(MDA)、可卡因、苯甲酰可待因、吗啡、可待因和 6-乙酰吗啡。提取物在三重四极杆线性离子阱质谱仪上以预定多重反应监测模式(sMRM)进行分析。该方法经过充分验证,证明具有准确性、精密度、选择性和特异性,在标定范围内具有令人满意的线性度。除 MDA(100pgmg)和安非他命(200pgmg)外,所有化合物的定量下限均为 10-15pgmg。该方法已成功应用于三个具有已知药物史的真实死后样本。在这些情况下,可以在从可卡因的 18pgmg 到安非他命的 1400pgmg 的浓度范围内检测到安非他命、MDMA、可卡因、苯甲酰可待因、吗啡和可待因。