Wang Dichen, Fan Haoming, Fan Xiangguo
College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110866, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Sep 17;189(10):508. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6221-y.
Gully erosion is an important environmental problem worldwide and the main process by which water and soil losses occur in the Black Soil Region (BSR) of Northeast China. At the end of 2012, 295,663 gullies were present in this region. However, few studies have examined the gullies of the Black Soil Region as a whole. Studying the distribution of recent gullies can reveal the pattern of gully distribution and can help predict their spatial development according to the soil and water conservation regionalization of China. This study examines the recorded gullies in the BSR of Northeast China, which is included in the first census of water resources in China and in six sub-regions of the soil and water conservation regionalization of China. Specifically, digital elevation model (DEM) data are combined with data on gullies occurring on hillslopes with different slopes and aspects to study the distribution of these features. The results illustrate that gully density, developing gully density, and the proportion of cutting land initially increase with increasing slope up to some threshold value, then decrease as the slope increases further. The patterns of stable gullies are divided into unimodal and bimodal types. Three patterns of gully intensity are identified. The areas and lengths of gullies are larger on sunny slopes, but larger numbers of gullies are present on shaded slopes. In addition, more space is available for gully development in the Hulun Buir hilly and plain sub-region and the Changbai Mountain-Wanda Mountain sub-region than in the other sub-regions.
沟蚀是一个全球性的重要环境问题，也是中国东北黑土区水土流失的主要过程。截至2012年底，该地区有295,663条沟壑。然而，很少有研究对整个黑土区的沟壑进行考察。研究近期沟壑的分布可以揭示沟壑分布格局，并有助于根据中国水土保持区划预测其空间发展。本研究考察了中国东北黑土区记录的沟壑，该区域包含在中国第一次水资源普查以及中国水土保持区划的六个子区域中。具体而言，将数字高程模型（DEM）数据与不同坡度和坡向山坡上的沟壑数据相结合，以研究这些地貌特征的分布。结果表明，沟壑密度、发育中沟壑密度和侵蚀土地比例最初随坡度增加到某个阈值而增加，然后随着坡度进一步增加而降低。稳定沟壑的格局分为单峰型和双峰型。识别出三种沟壑强度模式。阳坡上沟壑的面积和长度较大，但阴坡上的沟壑数量较多。此外，与其他子区域相比，呼伦贝尔丘陵平原子区域和长白山—完达山子区域有更多的空间可供沟壑发育。
