Şengül Mustafa, Kaçar Nida, Karaca Mehmet, Öner Sedef Zeliha, Ergin Çağrı
Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Denizli, Turkey.
Mikrobiyol Bul. 2017 Jul;51(3):293-298. doi: 10.5578/mb.57351.
Dermanyssus gallinae is one of the important hematophagous ectoparasite species of poultry like chicken, pigeon and wild bird species. These ectoparasites in the form of nymphs or adults who can not find their hosts are also seen in mammals and even in humans. For this reason, they are considered as important for public health. The ectoparasite causes a clinical condition named gamasoidosis among pet owners and people who live or work close to animal shelters, barns and chicken farms. Pruritus dermatitis is also caused by D.gallinae in humans and can cause false diagnosis. In this report, a case of D.gallinae which leads to severe itch in the hairy head skin was presented. A 66-year-old female patient admitted to University Hospital with complaints of "bugs in her hair and itching of the skin increasing in the evenings" that have persisted for a month. In the dermatological examination of the patient, it was noted that her hair and scalp were usual. Routine laboratory tests were normal. However, a large number of mites were found in her headscarf that she brought with her to the examination. Later, it was learned that the patient feeds chicken in her garden in the village where she lives. The collected mite samples were were kept in glass test tubes that contained glycerol and alcohol. The mites were identified as D.gallinae by morphological identification with light microscopy by using 10x, 20x and 40x magnifications. The mites were described as D.gallinae (Order: Mesostigmata, local name: poultry red mite, perch mite, poultry mite) with the morphological examination. Long-acting 1% permethrin shampoo was applied to remove the mites on the patient and during the controls, it was changed as 5% permethrin and 10% crotamiton lotion. For environmental sanitation, carbamates (such as carbolineum, trichlorfon, malathion, tetrachlorvinphos, etc.), organophosphates and acaricide insecticides with pyrethroids spraying or powder formulations were recommended. It was recommended to repair the slits and cracks where the parasite in the shelter could be stored. The patient was informed on (i) how to clean the household items with susceptible acaricides, (ii) removal of unused infected animal shelters, cages and nests from human habitat, (iii) raising of ambient temperature above 45°C, (iv) ventilation of the living spaces and (v) washing the clothes with detergent. In order to be effectively protected from the risk of infection and the detriments that are brought by this parasite, it is imperative to stay away from the hosts and the infected areas such as chicken farms, to obey the hygiene regulations, and to properly conduct the disinfestation of the shelters. In addition, it is also helpful to receive a true story from the patient, with details of contact with birds for the protection and treatment.
鸡皮刺螨是鸡、鸽子和野生鸟类等家禽重要的吸血性体外寄生虫之一。这些若虫或成虫形式的体外寄生虫，在找不到宿主时，也会出现在哺乳动物甚至人类身上。因此，它们被认为对公共卫生很重要。这种体外寄生虫在宠物主人以及生活或工作在动物收容所、谷仓和养鸡场附近的人群中会引发一种名为禽刺螨病的临床病症。鸡皮刺螨在人类中还会引起瘙痒性皮炎，并且可能导致误诊。在本报告中，呈现了一例导致头部多毛皮肤严重瘙痒的鸡皮刺螨病例。一名66岁女性患者因“头发里有虫子，皮肤瘙痒在晚上加剧”的症状持续一个月而入住大学医院。在对该患者进行皮肤科检查时，发现她的头发和头皮外观正常。常规实验室检查结果正常。然而，在她带到检查处的头巾上发现了大量螨虫。后来得知，该患者在其居住的村庄的花园里饲养鸡。采集的螨虫样本保存在装有甘油和酒精的玻璃试管中。通过使用10倍、20倍和40倍放大倍数的光学显微镜进行形态学鉴定，将这些螨虫鉴定为鸡皮刺螨。经形态学检查，这些螨虫被描述为鸡皮刺螨（目：中气门目，当地名称：家禽红螨、栖螨、家禽螨）。应用长效1%氯菊酯洗发水去除患者身上的螨虫，在后续检查过程中，更换为5%氯菊酯和10%克罗米通洗剂。为了环境卫生，建议使用氨基甲酸盐（如煤焦油、敌百虫、马拉硫磷、杀虫畏等）、有机磷酸盐以及含有拟除虫菊酯的杀螨杀虫剂进行喷雾或粉剂处理。建议修复收容所中可能藏有寄生虫的缝隙和裂缝。告知患者（i）如何用敏感的杀螨剂清洁家居用品，（ii）从人类居住环境中移除未使用的受感染动物收容所、笼子和巢穴，（iii）将环境温度提高到45°C以上，（iv）对居住空间进行通风，以及（v）用洗涤剂清洗衣物。为了有效预防感染风险以及这种寄生虫带来的危害，必须远离宿主以及养鸡场等感染区域，遵守卫生规定，并正确对收容所进行除虫处理。此外，了解患者接触鸟类的真实情况细节对于保护和治疗也很有帮助。
