Kaden F, Mäurer W, Schömig A, Spohr U
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1978 Sep 29;103(39):1513-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1129292.
Systolic blood pressure, heart rate and concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine as well as plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) were measured in 22 subjects in recumbency and on standing up. Six subjects each had previously been given intravenously dihydroergotamine (0.5 mg) or etilefrine (0.25 mg/min) or a placebo. It was demonstrated that orthostasis leads to an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal system. After administration of dihydroergotamine there was a diminished reaction of the sympathetic nervous system with an increase of venous tone which counteracted the decrease in cardiac output. Etilefrine, on the other hand, inhibited the sympatho-adrenal reaction on orthostasis and decreased the liberation of adrenaline. It acts directly via stimulation of alpha-and beta-receptors and is thus predominantly indicated if there is insufficient response of the baroreceptor reflex at its efferent limb.
对22名受试者在卧位和站立时的收缩压、心率、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺浓度以及血浆多巴胺-β-羟化酶(DBH)进行了测量。每组6名受试者之前分别静脉注射了双氢麦角胺(0.5毫克)、依替福林(0.25毫克/分钟)或安慰剂。结果表明,直立位会导致交感神经系统和肾上腺系统的活性增加。给予双氢麦角胺后,交感神经系统的反应减弱,静脉张力增加,这抵消了心输出量的减少。另一方面,依替福林抑制直立位时的交感-肾上腺反应,并减少肾上腺素的释放。它通过刺激α和β受体直接发挥作用,因此主要适用于压力感受器反射传出支反应不足的情况。