Murray Laura, Shaw Daniel S, Forbes Erika E, Hyde Luke W
Departments of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2017 May;2(4):346-354. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.01.009. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Individuals involved in antisocial behavior often engage in excessive reward-driven behavior even in the face of severe punishments including incarceration. However, the neural mechanisms of reward processing in antisocial behavior have not been examined while considering the heterogeneity of antisocial behavior and specific phases of reward and loss processing. In this study, we investigate the relationship between antisocial behavior, callous-unemotional traits, and neural activity during the anticipation and receipt of rewards and losses.
A community sample of 144 low income, racially diverse, urban males at risk for antisocial behavior completed self-report measures, a clinical interview, and an fMRI scan at age 20. Neural response during the anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards and losses was linked to antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional traits using ventral striatum region of interest analyses and exploratory whole brain analyses.
Antisocial behavior, but not callous-unemotional traits, was related to less ventral striatum response during reward anticipation. There were no significant relationships between neural reactivity and antisocial behavior or callous-unemotional traits during reward or loss outcomes. Antisocial behavior was also related to less ventrolateral prefrontal cortex reactivity during reward and loss anticipation.
These findings support a hypo-reactivity model of reward and loss anticipation in antisocial behavior. Lower striatal reactivity to cues of reward and lower prefrontal-regulatory recruitment during reward and loss anticipation may contribute to maladaptive reward-related behavior found in antisocial behavior.
参与反社会行为的个体即使面临包括监禁在内的严厉惩罚，也常常表现出过度的奖励驱动行为。然而，在考虑反社会行为的异质性以及奖励和损失处理的特定阶段时，尚未对反社会行为中奖励处理的神经机制进行研究。在本研究中，我们调查了反社会行为、冷酷无情特质与奖励和损失预期及接收过程中的神经活动之间的关系。
一个由144名有反社会行为风险的低收入、种族多样的城市男性组成的社区样本，在20岁时完成了自我报告测量、临床访谈和功能磁共振成像扫描。使用腹侧纹状体感兴趣区域分析和探索性全脑分析，将金钱奖励和损失预期及接收过程中的神经反应与反社会行为和冷酷无情特质联系起来。
反社会行为，而非冷酷无情特质，与奖励预期期间腹侧纹状体反应减弱有关。在奖励或损失结果期间，神经反应性与反社会行为或冷酷无情特质之间没有显著关系。反社会行为还与奖励和损失预期期间腹外侧前额叶皮层反应性降低有关。
这些发现支持反社会行为中奖励和损失预期的低反应性模型。奖励线索的纹状体反应性降低以及奖励和损失预期期间前额叶调节功能的募集减少，可能导致反社会行为中出现的适应不良的奖励相关行为。
