Li Yihan, Yang Xiangwen, Zhang Bichu, Wei Bin, Gong Yao
a Department of Prosthodontics , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Shanghai , PR China.
b Department of Prosthodontics , Changsha Stomatological Hospital , Hunan , PR China.
Acta Odontol Scand. 2018 Mar;76(2):77-85. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1382715. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
This study aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of accessory mental foramina (AMFs) and their bony canals in a selected Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Reconstructed CBCT images of the mandible in 784 Chinese patients (305 males and 479 females) were retrospectively analysed to identify the AMF. The presence, dimension and location of the AMF as well as the origin and course of the associated bony canal were evaluated and classified. Variations in these characteristics were analysed according to gender, side and age.
A total of 66 AMFs were found in 57 (7.3%) of the 784 patients. The frequency of AMFs was significantly influenced by gender and side of the mandible (p < .05). Most AMFs were located apically between apices of the first and second premolars. The high-position AMFs (above the mental foramen) accounted for 54.5% of the total. The mean horizontal and vertical diameters of the AMF were 1.38 ± 0.47 and 1.23 ± 0.37 mm, respectively. Two typical types of the bony canal leading to the AMF were identified according to their bifurcation site from the mandibular canal. Most bony canals originated from the anterior loop of the mental canal (56.1%) and coursed posterosuperiorly (36.3%). The mean length of the bony canals was 5.78 ± 2.31 mm.
This study presents a considerable frequency of AMFs in a Chinese population. The high-position AMF and the associated bony canal coursing in the oblique upward direction appear frequently. Thus, clinicians should be alert to the presence of the AMF to avoid neurovascular complications especially when dental procedures require periosteum detachment and implant insertion in the mental region.
本研究旨在使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）调查特定中国人群中副颏孔（AMF）及其骨管的频率和特征。
回顾性分析784例中国患者（305例男性和479例女性）下颌骨的重建CBCT图像，以识别AMF。评估并分类AMF的存在、尺寸和位置以及相关骨管的起源和走行。根据性别、侧别和年龄分析这些特征的差异。
784例患者中有57例（7.3%）共发现66个AMF。AMF的频率受下颌骨的性别和侧别显著影响（p < 0.05）。大多数AMF位于第一和第二前磨牙根尖之间的根尖处。高位AMF（颏孔上方）占总数的54.5%。AMF的平均水平直径和垂直直径分别为1.38±0.47和1.23±0.37毫米。根据骨管从下颌管的分叉部位，确定了两种通向AMF的典型骨管类型。大多数骨管起源于颏管的前环（56.1%），并向后上方走行（36.3%）。骨管的平均长度为5.78±2.31毫米。
本研究显示中国人群中AMF的出现频率较高。高位AMF和斜向上走行的相关骨管经常出现。因此，临床医生应警惕AMF的存在，以避免神经血管并发症，特别是在牙科手术需要在颏部进行骨膜剥离和植入种植体时。
