Utah State University, Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Department of Psychology, 2800 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
Glenwood Autism and Behavioral Health Center, 150 Glenwood Lane, Birmingham, AL, 35242, USA.
Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Nov;70:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.009. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Intellectual Disability (ID) are common co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders; however, limited research exists regarding the presentation and severity of overlapping symptomology, particularly inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, when a child is diagnosed with one of more of these neurodevelopmental disorders.
As difficulties with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are symptoms frequently associated with these disorders, the current study aims to determine the differences in the severity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children diagnosed with ADHD, ASD, ID, and co-occurring diagnosis of ADHD/ID, ASD/ADHD, and ASD/ID.
Participants in the current study included 113 children between the ages of 6 and 11 who were diagnosed with ADHD, ASD, ID, ADHD/ID, ASD/ADHD, or ASD/ID. Two MANOVA analyses were used to compare these groups witih respsect to symptom (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) severity.
Results indicated that the majority of diagnostic groups experienced elevated levels of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, results yielded differences in inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity severity. In addition, differences in measure sensitivity across behavioral instruments was found.
Children with neurodevelopmental disorders often exhibit inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, particularly those with ADHD, ASD, ASD/ADHD, and ADHD/ID; therefore, differential diagnosis may be complicated due to similarities in ADHD symptom severity. However, intellectual abilities may be an important consideration for practitioners in the differential diagnosis process as children with ID and ASD/ID exhibited significantly less inattention and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors. Additionally, the use of multiple behavior rating measures in conjunction with other assessment procedures may help practitioners determine the most appropriate diagnosis.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和智力障碍（ID）是常见的共患神经发育障碍；然而，当一个孩子被诊断出患有这些神经发育障碍中的一种或多种时，关于重叠症状（尤其是注意力不集中和多动/冲动）的表现和严重程度的研究有限。
由于注意力不集中和多动/冲动困难是这些障碍常伴随的症状，本研究旨在确定被诊断患有 ADHD、ASD、ID 以及 ADHD/ID、ASD/ADHD 和 ASD/ID 共病的儿童的注意力不集中和多动/冲动严重程度的差异。
本研究的参与者包括 113 名年龄在 6 至 11 岁之间的儿童，他们被诊断患有 ADHD、ASD、ID、ADHD/ID、ASD/ADHD 或 ASD/ID。使用两个 MANOVA 分析来比较这些组在症状（即注意力不集中、多动/冲动）严重程度上的差异。
结果表明，大多数诊断组都表现出注意力不集中和多动/冲动的水平升高。然而，研究结果显示出在注意力不集中和多动/冲动严重程度上的差异。此外，还发现行为量表在敏感性方面存在差异。
患有神经发育障碍的儿童经常表现出注意力不集中和多动/冲动，特别是患有 ADHD、ASD、ASD/ADHD 和 ADHD/ID 的儿童；因此，由于 ADHD 症状严重程度相似，可能会使鉴别诊断变得复杂。然而，对于从业者来说，智力能力可能是鉴别诊断过程中的一个重要考虑因素，因为 ID 和 ASD/ID 儿童的注意力不集中和多动/冲动行为明显较少。此外，结合其他评估程序使用多种行为评定量表可能有助于从业者确定最合适的诊断。
