Simultaneous extraction of lignin and cellulose nanofibrils from waste jute bags using one pot pre-treatment.

Cellulose nanofibrils and lignin were simultaneously isolated from waste jute bags using soda cooking pretreatment method. Soda cooking resulted in reduction of recalcitrance of lignocellulose biomass leading to hydrolysis of hemicellulose into sugars, which was subsequently washed, leaving a residue of cellulose and lignin.The chemical composition, yield of lignin and cellulose were assessed using TAPPI method and ASTM standards, respectively. Yields of lignin and cellulose were 58 and 45%, respectively, calculated separately on the basis of their content in the jute bags. FTIR results confirmed the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from raw jute fibers during soda cooking process. NMR results depicted the aromatic structure of lignin which was further confirmed by UV results which clearly indicated the presence of phenolic compounds. The thermal stability of cellulose nanofibrils and lignin was higher than raw jute fibers. SEM showed cylindrical cellulose nanofibrils and agglomerates of amorphous and crystalline region of lignin. Size of jute fibers decreased to 12-18nm whereas the crystallinity increased after chemical and mechanical treatments studied using TEM and XRD, respectively. The study confirmed the isolation of cellulose nanofibrils and lignin extraction discarding the hemicellulose using single pot treatment.