Tanaka Michihiro
Department of Neurosurgery, Kameda Medical Center.
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2017 Nov 15;57(11):584-589. doi: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2017-0030. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
Functional vascular anatomy is the study of anatomy in its relation to the function that figures out the normal and pathological vascularization of the brain and spinal cord. The mechanism of anatomical variations (e.g. fenestration of the basilar artery, persistent primitive trigeminal artery, and aberrant subclavian artery) can be explained according to the embryological development of the cardiovascular system. The most developmental process is common among the species of the vertebrates from the fish to the mammalian in the early phase of embryo. Thus, it is possible to deduce the reasons of vascular variants in terms of phylogeny. Such an embryological parallelism like the comparative anatomy provides the new insights into the nature of our vascular system. In addition, learning more about the hemodynamic consequence may help to realize the underlying physiopathology of cerebral arterial remodeling and stroke in patients with these vascular variants. This perception may facilitate better understanding of the vascular pathologies and lead to the appropriate decision making not only in the diagnostic work, but also in the interventional procedures. The aim of this study is to introduce the meanings of functional anatomy in the clinical application of vascular diseases and anomalous of the central nervous system.
功能性血管解剖学是研究与功能相关的解剖学,它阐明了脑和脊髓的正常及病理性血管形成。解剖变异(如基底动脉开窗、永存原始三叉动脉和异常锁骨下动脉)的机制可根据心血管系统的胚胎发育来解释。在胚胎发育早期,从鱼类到哺乳动物的脊椎动物物种中,大多数发育过程是相似的。因此,从系统发育的角度推断血管变异的原因是可能的。这种类似于比较解剖学的胚胎学平行关系为我们对血管系统本质的认识提供了新的见解。此外,更多地了解血流动力学后果可能有助于认识这些血管变异患者脑动脉重塑和中风的潜在病理生理学。这种认识不仅有助于更好地理解血管疾病,还能在诊断工作和介入操作中做出恰当的决策。本研究的目的是介绍功能性解剖学在血管疾病及中枢神经系统异常临床应用中的意义。