Dierking Ingo, Al-Zangana Shakhawan
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Iraq.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017 Oct 1;7(10):305. doi: 10.3390/nano7100305.
Liquid crystals are an integral part of a mature display technology, also establishing themselves in other applications, such as spatial light modulators, telecommunication technology, photonics, or sensors, just to name a few of the non-display applications. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend to add various nanomaterials to liquid crystals, which is motivated by several aspects of materials development. (i) addition of nanomaterials can change and thus tune the properties of the liquid crystal; (ii) novel functionalities can be added to the liquid crystal; and (iii) the self-organization of the liquid crystalline state can be exploited to template ordered structures or to transfer order onto dispersed nanomaterials. Much of the research effort has been concentrated on thermotropic systems, which change order as a function of temperature. Here we review the other side of the medal, the formation and properties of ordered, anisotropic fluid phases, liquid crystals, by addition of shape-anisotropic nanomaterials to isotropic liquids. Several classes of materials will be discussed, inorganic and mineral liquid crystals, viruses, nanotubes and nanorods, as well as graphene oxide.
液晶是成熟显示技术不可或缺的一部分，同时也在其他应用领域崭露头角，如空间光调制器、电信技术、光子学或传感器等，这里仅列举少数非显示应用。近年来，受材料开发多个方面的推动，向液晶中添加各种纳米材料的趋势日益明显。（i）添加纳米材料可以改变并进而调节液晶的性能；（ii）可以为液晶增添新功能；（iii）可以利用液晶态的自组装来构建有序结构或将有序性转移到分散的纳米材料上。大部分研究工作集中在热致系统上，这类系统的有序性随温度变化。在此，我们回顾事情的另一面，即通过向各向同性液体中添加形状各向异性的纳米材料来形成有序、各向异性的流体相——液晶及其性质。我们将讨论几类材料，包括无机和矿物液晶、病毒、纳米管和纳米棒，以及氧化石墨烯。
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