Sarnak Dana O, Squires David, Kuzmak Greg, Bishop Shawn
Clinton Health Access Initiative.
Commonwealth Fund.
Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2017 Oct 1;2017:1-14.
Compared with other high-income countries, the United States spends the most per capita on prescription drugs.
To compare drug spending levels and trends in the U.S. and nine other high-income countries — Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom; consider potential explanations for higher U.S. spending; and explore patients’ exposure to pharmaceutical costs.
Analysis of health data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the 2016 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey, and other sources.
Various factors contribute to high per capita drug spending in the U.S. While drug utilization appears to be similar in the U.S. and the nine other countries considered, the prices at which drugs are sold in the U.S. are substantially higher. These price differences appear to at least partly explain current and historical disparities in spending on pharmaceutical drugs. U.S. consumers face particularly high out-of-pocket costs, both because the U.S. has a large uninsured population and because cost-sharing requirements for those with coverage are more burdensome than in other countries. Most Americans support reducing pharmaceutical costs. International experience demonstrates that policies like universal health coverage, insurance benefit design that restricts out-of-pocket spending, and certain price control strategies, like centralized price negotiations, can be effective.
与其他高收入国家相比，美国人均处方药支出最高。
比较美国与其他九个高收入国家（澳大利亚、加拿大、法国、德国、荷兰、挪威、瑞典、瑞士和英国）的药品支出水平和趋势；思考美国支出较高的潜在原因；并探究患者承担药品费用的情况。
分析经济合作与发展组织的健康数据、2016年英联邦基金会国际卫生政策调查以及其他来源的数据。
多种因素导致美国人均药品支出较高。虽然美国与其他九个被考虑的国家的药品使用情况似乎相似，但美国药品的销售价格要高得多。这些价格差异似乎至少部分解释了当前和历史上药品支出的差距。美国消费者面临特别高的自付费用，这既是因为美国有大量未参保人口，也是因为参保者的费用分摊要求比其他国家更为繁重。大多数美国人支持降低药品成本。国际经验表明，全民医保、限制自付费用的保险福利设计以及某些价格控制策略（如集中价格谈判）等政策可能会有效。
