河口蛤蜊（楔形兰氏蛤）中的有机氟磷酸酯水解活性。

Organofluorophosphate-hydrolyzing activity in an estuarine clam, Rangia cuneata.

Anderson R S, Durst H D, Landis W G

Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland, Solomons 20688.

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol. 1988;91(2):575-8. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(88)90080-1.

Abstract

The bivalve Rangia cuneata can enzymatically detoxify the organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors DFP and soman. 2. Digestive gland homogenates contained Mazur-type DFPases based on response to Mn2+ ions, and relative rates of DFP: soman hydrolysis. Squid-type DFPase contributed little to the total organophosphate acid (OPA) anhydrase activity of these preparations. 3. The natural substrate(s) and physiological role(s) of OPA anhydrase in R. cuneata has yet to be determined; however, DFPase specific activity was pronounced in the digestive gland, the primary organ involved in bioconcentration and biotransformation of xenobiotics, and in the gills, which are in continuous contact with water-borne chemicals.

摘要

双壳贝类楔形兰蛤能够通过酶促作用对有机磷乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂二异丙基氟磷酸酯（DFP）和梭曼进行解毒。2. 根据对锰离子的反应以及DFP与梭曼的相对水解速率，消化腺匀浆中含有Mazur型DFP酶。鱿鱼型DFP酶对这些制剂的总有机磷酸酸（OPA）水解酶活性贡献不大。3. 楔形兰蛤中OPA水解酶的天然底物和生理作用尚未确定；然而，DFP酶的比活性在消化腺（参与异生物质生物浓缩和生物转化的主要器官）和鳃（与水中化学物质持续接触）中较为显著。