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除箱子以外物体的搬运:一家大型运输公司搬运技术的单变量分析

The handling of objects other than boxes: univariate analysis of handling techniques in a large transport company.

作者信息

Baril-Gingras Genevieve, Lortie Monique

机构信息

a Département des Sciences Biologiques , Université du Québec à Montréal , C.P. 8888 , succursale'A' Montréal , Québec , H3C 3P8 , Canada.

出版信息

Ergonomics. 1995 May;38(5):905-925. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925159.

Abstract

The purpose of this study, carried out on handlers in the distribution centre of a large transport company, was to identify the techniques used for handling objects other than boxes. Thirty-one workers, with experience varying from one month to 17 years, were each filmed during one shift. A grid with 36 variables allowed the successive operations to be described: the type of grip, the nature and the direction of the efforts by the upper limbs, the use of the back and the lower limbs, and the displacement of the object. Nine hundred and forty-four handlings carried out in 3217 distinct movements were analysed. These observations revealed the complexity of the handling techniques and the tendency to favour some of them. Seventy-nine per cent of the handlings observed included pre-transfer and/or post-placement phases in addition to the transfer itself. Essentially horizontal phases (pulling, pushing) are more frequent than essentially vertical ones (lifting, lowering); asymmetry is generalized, whether it involves the back position (torsion), the direction and the type of effort, the position of the hands on the object, etc. More than half of the efforts are used to move an object resting on a surface (sliding, pivoting, turning, rolling); resistive efforts downwards (e.g., lowering) are avoided in favour of 'throwing' or 'dropping'.

摘要

本研究以一家大型运输公司配送中心的搬运工人为对象,旨在确定处理除箱子以外物品所使用的技术。31名工作经验从1个月到17年不等的工人在一个班次期间均被拍摄。一个包含36个变量的网格用于描述连续的操作:握法类型、上肢用力的性质和方向、背部和下肢的使用情况以及物体的移动。对在3217次不同动作中进行的944次搬运操作进行了分析。这些观察结果揭示了搬运技术的复杂性以及对某些技术的偏好倾向。观察到的搬运操作中,79%除了搬运本身还包括搬运前和/或放置后的阶段。基本为水平方向的阶段(拉、推)比基本为垂直方向的阶段(举、放)更频繁;不对称现象普遍存在,无论是涉及背部位置(扭转)、用力方向和类型、手部在物体上的位置等。超过一半的用力用于移动放置在表面上的物体(滑动、枢转、转动、滚动);避免向下的阻力性用力(如放下),而倾向于“扔”或“放”。

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