Vitkov Ljubomir, Hartl Dominik, Minnich Bernd, Hannig Matthias
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Division of Animal Structure and Function, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2017 Oct 26;8:1404. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01404. eCollection 2017.
Periodontitis is characterized by PMN infiltration and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, their functional role for periodontal health remains complex and partially understood. The main function of NETs appears to be evacuation of dental plaque pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The inability to produce NETs is concomitant with aggressive periodontitis. But in cases with exaggerated NET production, NETs are unable to maintain periodontal health and bystander damages occur. This pathology can be also demonstrated in animal models using lipopolysaccharide as PMN activator. The progress of periodontitis appears to be a consequence of the formation of gingival pockets obstructing the evacuation of both pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns, which are responsible for the self-perpetuation of inflammation. Thus, besides the pathogenic effects of the periodontal bacteria, the dysregulation of PMN activation appears to play a main role in the periodontal pathology. Consequently, modulation of PMN activation might be a useful approach to periodontal therapy.
牙周炎的特征是中性粒细胞浸润和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）的形成。然而，它们对牙周健康的功能作用仍然复杂且部分尚不明确。NETs的主要功能似乎是清除牙菌斑病原体相关分子模式。无法产生NETs与侵袭性牙周炎相关。但在NETs产生过度的情况下，NETs无法维持牙周健康并会造成旁观者损伤。这种病理情况也可以在使用脂多糖作为中性粒细胞激活剂的动物模型中得到证实。牙周炎的进展似乎是牙龈袋形成的结果，牙龈袋阻碍了病原体相关和损伤相关分子模式的清除，而这些分子模式会导致炎症的自我持续。因此，除了牙周细菌的致病作用外，中性粒细胞激活的失调似乎在牙周病理中起主要作用。因此，调节中性粒细胞激活可能是牙周治疗的一种有效方法。
