Lyons Tomas G, Ku Geoffrey Y
Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
Chin Clin Oncol. 2017 Oct;6(5):53. doi: 10.21037/cco.2017.09.03.
The poor prognosis for patients with esophagogastric cancers (EGC) requires the development of newer more effective therapies to further improve the treatment outcomes for this disease. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment strategy that is dramatically changing the treatment landscape for several types of cancers. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death the programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand are essential immune checkpoint inhibitors that suppress T cell activation. Targeting of these immune checkpoints with monoclonal antibodies has shown clinical efficacy in several solid tumors which has led to their approval and use in routine clinical practice. In EGC early phase evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors has yielded encouraging results with multiple phase 3 studies currently ongoing. In this review, the biological rationale for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer will briefly be described and the accumulating data concerning their use in EGC will be presented.
食管癌和胃癌（EGC）患者预后较差，需要开发更新、更有效的治疗方法，以进一步改善这种疾病的治疗效果。免疫疗法是一种新型治疗策略，正在显著改变几种癌症的治疗格局。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4（CTLA-4）和程序性死亡蛋白（PD）-1/PD配体是抑制T细胞活化的重要免疫检查点抑制剂。用单克隆抗体靶向这些免疫检查点已在几种实体瘤中显示出临床疗效，这导致它们被批准并用于常规临床实践。在EGC中，免疫检查点抑制剂的早期评估已产生令人鼓舞的结果，目前正在进行多项3期研究。在这篇综述中，将简要描述在癌症中使用免疫检查点抑制剂的生物学原理，并展示关于其在EGC中使用的积累数据。
