Stephenson Gladys L, Solomon Keith R
a Aquaterra Environmental Consulting Inc ., Orton , ON , Canada.
b Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Science , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2017;20(6-7):330-345. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1388564. Epub 2017 Nov 15.
A quantitative weight of evidence (QWoE) methodology was used to assess higher-tier studies on the effects of imidacloprid (IMI) on honeybees. Assessment endpoints were population size and viability of commercially managed bees and quantity of hive products. A colony-level no-observed-adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) of 25 µg IMI/kg syrup, equivalent to an oral no-observed-adverse-effect-dose of 7.3 ng/bee/d for all responses, was measured. The overall weight of evidence indicates that there is minimal risk to honeybees from exposure to IMI from its use as a seed treatment. Exposures via dusts from currently used seed coatings present a de minimis risk to honeybees when the route of exposure is via uptake in plants that are a source of pollen or nectar for honeybees. There were few higher-tier observational (ecoepidemiological) studies conducted with IMI. Considering all lines of evidence, the quality of the studies included in this analysis was variable, but the results of the studies were consistent and point to the same conclusion - that IMI had no adverse effects on viability of the honeybee colony. Thus, the overall conclusion is that IMI, as currently used as a seed treatment and with good agricultural practices, does not present a significant risk to honeybees at the level of the colony.
采用定量证据权重（QWoE）方法评估了关于吡虫啉（IMI）对蜜蜂影响的高级别研究。评估终点为商业管理蜜蜂的种群规模和生存能力以及蜂巢产品的数量。测得在蜂群水平上，IMI在糖浆中的未观察到有害作用浓度（NOAEC）为25 μg IMI/kg糖浆，相当于所有反应中口服未观察到有害作用剂量为7.3 ng/蜜蜂/天。总体证据权重表明，将IMI用作种子处理剂对蜜蜂造成的风险极小。当暴露途径是通过蜜蜂作为花粉或花蜜来源的植物吸收时，当前使用的种子包衣产生的粉尘对蜜蜂造成的风险极小。关于IMI的高级别观察性（生态流行病学）研究很少。考虑到所有证据线索，本分析中纳入的研究质量参差不齐，但研究结果一致，指向同一个结论——IMI对蜂群的生存能力没有不利影响。因此，总体结论是，按照目前用作种子处理剂的方式并采用良好农业规范使用IMI，在蜂群层面不会对蜜蜂构成重大风险。
