Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Future Microbiol. 2017 Dec;12:1533-1540. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0124. Epub 2017 Nov 23.
Invasive fungal infections are a growing threat to immunocompromised patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring fungal pathogens. Global warming (including climatic oscillations) may select for environmental species that have acquired thermotolerance, a key step toward pathogenesis to humans. Also, important virulence factors have developed in environmental fungi, because they are essential for yeast survival in the environment. Thus, fungi traditionally regarded as nonpathogenic to humans have virulence factors similar to those of their pathogenic relatives. Here, we highlight the emergence of saprophytic environmental fungi - including species of Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Candida and Scedosporium - as new human pathogens. Emerging pathogens are, in some cases, resistant to the available antifungals, potentiating the threat of novel fungal diseases.
侵袭性真菌感染是免疫功能低下患者日益面临的威胁，这凸显了监测真菌病原体的重要性。全球变暖（包括气候波动）可能会选择具有耐热性的环境物种，这是向人类发病的关键一步。此外，环境真菌中已经出现了重要的毒力因子，因为这些因子对于酵母在环境中的生存至关重要。因此，传统上被认为对人类无毒的真菌具有与其致病性亲缘种相似的毒力因子。在这里，我们强调了腐生环境真菌（包括隐球菌、曲霉、青霉、念珠菌和枝孢霉属等物种）作为新的人类病原体的出现。在某些情况下，新兴病原体对现有抗真菌药物具有耐药性，从而增加了新型真菌病的威胁。
