德国15岁青少年使用的非处方药价格及其与社会经济背景的关联。

Prices of over-the-counter drugs used by 15-year-old adolescents in Germany and their association with socioeconomic background.

作者信息

Italia Salvatore, Wolfenstetter Silke B, Brüske Irene, Heinrich Joachim, Berdel Dietrich, von Berg Andrea, Lehmann Irina, Standl Marie, Teuner Christina M

机构信息

Department of International Health, School CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2017 Nov 25;17(1):904. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4923-2.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-017-4923-2

PMID:29178855

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5702114/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In Germany, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are normally reimbursed up to the age of 12 years only. The aim of this study was to analyse prices of over-the-counter drugs used by adolescents in Germany and their association with socioeconomic factors.

METHODS

Based on the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts, data on drug utilization among 15-year-old adolescents (n = 4677) were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The reported drugs were subdivided into prescription drugs and OTC drugs. The drugs' prices were tracked by the pharmaceutical identification numbers.

RESULTS

Overall, 1499 OTC drugs with clearly identifiable prices were eligible for analysis. Their mean price was €9.75 (95% confidence interval: €9.27-10.22). About 75% of the OTC drugs cost less than €10. Higher mean prices were associated with residing in Munich (€10.74; 95% confidence interval: €9.97-11.52) and with higher paternal education (e.g. highest education level: €10.17; 95% confidence interval: €9.47-10.86). Adolescents residing in Munich (in comparison with the less wealthy region of Wesel) and adolescents with higher educated fathers were also significantly more likely to use OTC drugs costing ≥ €10 or ≥ €25, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The price of €10 for non-reimbursable OTC drugs may represent a (psychological) threshold. Higher prices could discourage especially adolescents from a lower socioeconomic background from taking medically advisable but non-reimbursable OTC drugs.

摘要

背景

在德国，非处方药通常仅在12岁以下可报销。本研究的目的是分析德国青少年使用的非处方药价格及其与社会经济因素的关联。

方法

基于德国GINIplus和LISAplus出生队列，使用自填问卷收集了15岁青少年（n = 4677）的药物使用数据。报告的药物分为处方药和非处方药。通过药品识别码追踪药物价格。

结果

总体而言，1499种价格可明确识别的非处方药符合分析条件。它们的平均价格为9.75欧元（95%置信区间：9.27 - 10.22欧元）。约75%的非处方药价格低于10欧元。较高的平均价格与居住在慕尼黑（10.74欧元；95%置信区间：9.97 - 11.52欧元）以及父亲受教育程度较高有关（例如，最高教育水平：10.17欧元；95%置信区间：9.47 - 10.86欧元）。居住在慕尼黑的青少年（与较不富裕的韦塞尔地区相比）以及父亲受教育程度较高的青少年，分别使用价格≥10欧元或≥25欧元的非处方药的可能性也显著更高。