Santos Elio M, Kowler Eileen
Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
J Vis. 2017 Nov 1;17(13):13. doi: 10.1167/17.13.13.
Anticipatory smooth eye movements (ASEM; smooth eye movements in the direction of anticipated target motion) are elicited by cues that signal the direction of future target motion with high levels of certainty. Natural cues, however, rarely convey information with perfect certainty, and responses to uncertainty provide insights about how predictive behaviors are generated. Subjects smoothly pursued targets that moved to the right or left with varying cued probabilities. ASEM strength in a given direction increased with the probability level. The type of cue also played a role. ASEM elicited by symbolic visual cues tended to underweight low probabilities and overweight high probabilities. Cues based on memory (varying the proportion of trials with left or right motion) produced the opposite pattern, overweighting low probabilities and underweighting high probabilities. Finally, cues whose perceptual structure depicted the motion path produced a bias in ASEM in the depicted direction that was maintained across levels of cue congruency. The results show that the smooth pursuit system relies on a combination of signals, including memory for recent target motions, interpretation of cues, and prior beliefs about the relationship between the perceptual configuration and the motion path to determine the anticipatory response in the presence of uncertainty.
预期性平滑眼球运动（ASEM；朝着预期目标运动方向的平滑眼球运动）由能够高度确定地指示未来目标运动方向的线索引发。然而，自然线索很少能完美确定地传达信息，对不确定性的反应为预测行为的产生方式提供了见解。受试者平滑地追踪以不同线索概率向左或向右移动的目标。给定方向上的ASEM强度随概率水平增加。线索类型也起到了作用。由符号视觉线索引发的ASEM往往对低概率权重不足而对高概率权重过高。基于记忆的线索（改变向左或向右运动的试验比例）产生了相反的模式，对低概率权重过高而对高概率权重不足。最后，其感知结构描绘了运动路径的线索在描绘方向上产生了ASEM偏差，且该偏差在不同线索一致性水平上均保持。结果表明，平滑追踪系统依赖于多种信号的组合，包括对近期目标运动的记忆、线索的解读以及关于感知配置与运动路径之间关系的先验信念，以在存在不确定性的情况下确定预期反应。
