Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Shoot Growth in Carrot ( L.) Using a Diallel Mating Design.

Crop establishment in carrot ( L.) is limited by slow seedling growth and delayed canopy closure, resulting in high management costs for weed control. Varieties with improved growth habit (, larger canopy and increased shoot biomass) may help mitigate weed control, but the underlying genetics of these traits in carrot is unknown. This project used a diallel mating design coupled with recent Bayesian analytical methods to determine the genetic basis of carrot shoot growth. Six diverse carrot inbred lines with variable shoot size were crossed in WI in 2014. F1 hybrids, reciprocal crosses, and parental selfs were grown in a randomized complete block design with two blocks in WI (2015) and CA (2015, 2016). Measurements included canopy height, canopy width, shoot biomass, and root biomass. General and specific combining abilities were estimated using Griffing's Model I, which is a common analysis for plant breeding experiments. In parallel, additive, inbred, cross-specific, and maternal effects were estimated from a Bayesian mixed model, which is robust to dealing with data imbalance and outliers. Both additive and nonadditive effects significantly influenced shoot traits, with nonadditive effects playing a larger role early in the growing season, when weed control is most critical. Results suggest the presence of heritable variation and thus potential for improvement of these phenotypes in carrot. In addition, results present evidence of heterosis for root biomass, which is a major component of carrot yield.