Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 11;8(1):2031. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02072-4.
Plant-pollinator interactions are complex because they are affected by both interactors' phenotypes and external variables. Herbivory is one external variable that can have divergent effects on the individual and the population levels depending on specific phenotypic plastic responses of a plant to herbivory. In the wild tomato, Solanum peruvianum, herbivory limits pollinator visits, which reduces individual plant fitness due to herbivore-induced chemical defenses and signaling on pollinators (herbivore-induced pollinator limitation). We showed these herbivory-induced decreases in pollination to individual plants best match a Type II functional-response curve. We then developed a general model that shows these individual fitness reductions from herbivore-induced changes in plant metabolism can indirectly benefit overall populations and community resilience. These results introduce mechanisms of persistence in antagonized mutualistic communities that were previously found prone to extinction in theoretical models. Results also imply that emergent ecological dynamics of individual fitness reductions may be more complex than previously thought.
植物-传粉者相互作用很复杂，因为它们受到相互作用者表型和外部变量的影响。食草作用是一种外部变量，它可以根据植物对食草作用的特定表型可塑性反应，在个体和种群水平上产生不同的影响。在野生番茄中，Solanum peruvianum，食草作用限制了传粉者的访问，由于食草动物诱导的化学防御和对传粉者的信号（食草动物诱导的传粉者限制），这降低了个体植物的适应性。我们发现，这些传粉者对个体植物的减少最符合 II 型功能反应曲线。然后，我们开发了一个通用模型，表明植物代谢中食草动物诱导的变化导致的这些个体适应性降低可以间接地使整个种群和群落的恢复力受益。这些结果为以前在理论模型中发现容易灭绝的拮抗共生群落的持久性机制提供了依据。结果还表明，个体适应性降低的新兴生态动态可能比以前想象的更为复杂。
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