Pavlou Marousa, Whitney Susan L, Alkathiry Abdulaziz A, Huett Marian, Luxon Linda M, Raglan Ewa, Godfrey Emma L, Bamiou Doris-Eva
Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Front Neurol. 2017 Dec 5;8:656. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00656. eCollection 2017.
To develop and validate the Pediatric Visually Induced Dizziness Questionnaire (PVID) and quantify the presence and severity of visually induced dizziness (ViD), i.e., symptoms induced by visual motion stimuli including crowds and scrolling computer screens in children.
169 healthy (female = 89; recruited from mainstream schools, London, UK) and 114 children with a primary migraine, concussion, or vestibular disorder diagnosis (female = 62), aged 6-17 years, were included. Children with primary migraine were recruited from mainstream schools while children with concussion or vestibular disorder were recruited from tertiary balance centers in London, UK, and Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Children completed the PVID, which assesses the frequency of dizziness and unsteadiness experienced in specific environmental situations, and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a brief behavioral screening instrument.
The PVID showed high internal consistency (11 items; α = 0.90). A significant between-group difference was noted with higher (i.e., worse) PVID scores for patients vs. healthy participants ( = 2,436.5, = -10.719, < 0.001); a significant difference was noted between individual patient groups [χ(2) = 11.014, = 0.004] but analysis showed no significant pairwise comparisons. The optimal cut-off score for discriminating between individuals with and without abnormal ViD levels was 0.45 out of 3 (sensitivity 83%, specificity 75%). Self-rated emotional ( = 2,730.0, = -6.169) and hyperactivity ( = 3,445.0, = -4.506) SDQ subscale as well as informant ( = 188.5, = -3.916) and self-rated ( = 3,178.5, = -5.083) total scores were significantly worse for patients compared to healthy participants ( < 0.001).
ViD is common in children with a primary concussion, migraine, or vestibular diagnosis. The PVID is a valid measure for identifying the presence of ViD in children and should be used to identify and quantify these symptoms, which require specific management incorporating exposure to optokinetic stimuli.
开发并验证儿童视觉诱发头晕问卷（PVID），并量化视觉诱发头晕（ViD）的存在情况和严重程度，即由视觉运动刺激（包括人群和滚动的电脑屏幕）在儿童中诱发的症状。
纳入169名健康儿童（女性89名；从英国伦敦的主流学校招募）和114名患有原发性偏头痛、脑震荡或前庭疾病诊断的儿童（女性62名），年龄在6至17岁之间。原发性偏头痛儿童从主流学校招募，而脑震荡或前庭疾病儿童从英国伦敦和美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的三级平衡中心招募。儿童完成了PVID，该问卷评估在特定环境情况下经历头晕和不稳的频率，以及《长处与困难问卷》（SDQ），这是一种简短的行为筛查工具。
PVID显示出高内部一致性（11项；α = 0.90）。患者与健康参与者之间存在显著的组间差异，患者的PVID得分更高（即更差）（F = 2436.5，t = -10.719，p < 0.001）；各患者组之间存在显著差异[χ(2) = 11.014，p = 0.004]，但事后分析显示无显著的两两比较。区分有无异常ViD水平个体的最佳截断分数为3分中的0.45分（敏感性83%，特异性75%）。与健康参与者相比，患者的自评情绪（F = 2730.0，t = -6.169）和多动（F = 3445.0，t = -4.506）SDQ子量表以及 informant（F = 188.5，t = -3.916）和自评（F = 3178.5，t = -5.083）总分显著更差（p < 0.001）。
ViD在患有原发性脑震荡、偏头痛或前庭疾病诊断的儿童中很常见。PVID是识别儿童中ViD存在情况的有效测量工具，应用于识别和量化这些症状，这些症状需要包括暴露于视动刺激的特定管理。
