Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Mar;25(8):7991-8001. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-1074-z. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
Stormwater particles washed from road-deposited sediments (RDS) are traditionally characterized as either turbidity or total suspended solids (TSS). Although these parameters are influenced by particle sizes, neither of them characterizes the particle size distribution (PSD), which is of great importance in pollutant entrainment and treatment performance. Therefore, the ratio of turbidity to TSS (Tur/TSS) is proposed and validated as a potential surrogate for the bulk PSD and quality of stormwater runoff. The results show an increasing trend of Tur/TSS with finer sizes of both RDS and stormwater runoff. Taking heavy metals (HMs, including Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni) as typical pollutants in stormwater runoff, the concentrations (mg/kg) were found to vary significantly during rainfall events and tended to increase significantly with Tur/TSS. Therefore, Tur/TSS is a valid parameter to characterize the PSD and quality of stormwater. The high negative correlations between Tur/TSS and rainfall intensity demonstrate that stormwater with higher Tur/TSS generates under low intensity and, thus, characterizes small volume, finer sizes, weak settleability, greater mobility, and bioavailability. Conversely, stormwater with lower Tur/TSS generates under high intensity and, thus, characterizes large volume, coarser sizes, good settleability, low mobility, and bioavailability. These results highlight the need to control stormwater with high Tur/TSS. Moreover, Tur/TSS can aid the selection of stormwater control measures with appropriate detention storage, pollution loading, and removal effectiveness of particles.
从道路沉积物（RDS）冲刷的雨水颗粒通常被定性为浊度或总悬浮固体（TSS）。尽管这些参数受颗粒大小的影响，但它们都不能描述颗粒大小分布（PSD），而 PSD 对污染物夹带和处理性能非常重要。因此，提出并验证了浊度与 TSS 的比值（Tur/TSS）作为潜在的替代方法来表示雨水径流水质的 PSD 和整体质量。结果表明，RDS 和雨水径流水的粒径越细，Tur/TSS 呈上升趋势。以重金属（HM，包括 Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr 和 Ni）作为雨水径流中的典型污染物，发现它们的浓度（mg/kg）在降雨事件中变化显著，且往往随 Tur/TSS 显著增加。因此，Tur/TSS 是一个有效的参数，可以用来描述雨水的 PSD 和质量。Tur/TSS 与降雨强度之间的高度负相关表明，具有较高 Tur/TSS 的雨水是在低强度下产生的，因此其特征为体积小、粒径细、沉降性差、迁移性强和生物可利用性高。相反，具有较低 Tur/TSS 的雨水是在高强度下产生的，因此其特征为体积大、粒径粗、沉降性好、迁移性低和生物可利用性低。这些结果强调了需要控制具有高 Tur/TSS 的雨水。此外，Tur/TSS 可以帮助选择具有适当停留时间、污染负荷和颗粒去除效果的雨水控制措施。
