Bignell Dawn R D, Cheng Zhenlong, Bown Luke
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2018 May;111(5):649-666. doi: 10.1007/s10482-017-1009-1. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
Phytotoxins are secondary metabolites that contribute to the development and/or severity of diseases caused by various plant pathogenic microorganisms. The coronafacoyl phytotoxins are an important family of plant toxins that are known or suspected to be produced by several phylogenetically distinct plant pathogenic bacteria, including the gammaproteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the actinobacterium Streptomyces scabies. At least seven different family members have been identified, of which coronatine was the first to be described and is the best-characterized. Though nonessential for disease development, coronafacoyl phytotoxins appear to enhance the severity of disease symptoms induced by pathogenic microbes during host infection. In addition, the identification of coronafacoyl phytotoxin biosynthetic genes in organisms not known to be plant pathogens suggests that these metabolites may have additional roles other than as virulence factors. This review focuses on our current understanding of the structures, biosynthesis, regulation, biological activities and evolution of coronafacoyl phytotoxins as well as the different methods that are used to detect these metabolites and the organisms that produce them.
植物毒素是次生代谢产物，它们会影响由各种植物病原微生物引起的疾病的发展和/或严重程度。冠菌素类植物毒素是一类重要的植物毒素，已知或疑似由几种系统发育上不同的植物病原细菌产生，包括γ-变形菌丁香假单胞菌和放线菌疮痂链霉菌。已鉴定出至少七种不同的家族成员，其中冠菌素是第一个被描述的，也是特征最明确的。虽然冠菌素类植物毒素对于疾病发展并非必不可少，但它们似乎会在宿主感染期间增强病原微生物诱导的疾病症状的严重程度。此外，在并非已知植物病原体的生物体中鉴定出冠菌素类植物毒素生物合成基因，这表明这些代谢产物可能除了作为毒力因子外还有其他作用。本综述重点关注我们目前对冠菌素类植物毒素的结构、生物合成、调控、生物活性和进化的理解，以及用于检测这些代谢产物及其产生生物体的不同方法。
