Dunay Emily, Apakupakul Kathleen, Leard Stephen, Palmer Jamie L, Deem Sharon L
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Ecohealth. 2018 Mar;15(1):148-162. doi: 10.1007/s10393-017-1306-1. Epub 2018 Jan 23.
All six great ape species are listed as endangered or critically endangered by the IUCN and experiencing decreasing population trends. One of the threats to these non-human primates is the transmission of pathogens from humans. We conducted a literature review on occurrences of pathogen transmission from humans to great apes to highlight this often underappreciated issue. In total, we found 33 individual occurrences of probable or confirmed pathogen transmission from humans to great apes: 23 involved both pathogen and disease transmission, 7 pathogen transmission only, 2 positive antibody titers to zoonotic pathogens, and 1 pathogen transmission with probable disease. Great ape populations were categorized into captive, semi-free-living, and free-living conditions. The majority of occurrences involved chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) (n = 23) or mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) (n = 8). These findings have implications for conservation efforts and management of endangered great ape populations. Future efforts should focus on monitoring and addressing zoonotic pathogen and disease transmission between humans, great ape species, and other taxa to ensure the health of humans, wild and domestic animals, and the ecosystems we share.
所有六种大猩猩都被国际自然保护联盟列为濒危或极度濒危物种，且种群数量呈下降趋势。这些非人类灵长类动物面临的威胁之一是人类病原体的传播。我们对人类向大猩猩传播病原体的情况进行了文献综述，以突出这个常常被忽视的问题。我们总共发现了33起人类向大猩猩可能或已确认的病原体传播事件：23起涉及病原体和疾病传播，7起仅涉及病原体传播，2起针对人畜共患病原体的抗体滴度呈阳性，1起病原体传播且可能伴有疾病。大猩猩种群被分为圈养、半自由生活和自由生活三种情况。大多数事件涉及黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）（n = 23）或山地大猩猩（Gorilla beringei beringei）（n = 8）。这些发现对濒危大猩猩种群的保护工作和管理具有启示意义。未来的工作应侧重于监测和应对人类、大猩猩物种及其他分类群之间的人畜共患病原体和疾病传播，以确保人类、野生动物和家畜以及我们共享的生态系统的健康。
