Lima Stella G C, Sousa-Lima Renata S, Tokumaru Rosana S, Nogueira-Filho Sérgio L G, Nogueira Selene S C
Laboratório de Bioacústica, Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento / Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Departamento de Psicologia Social e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 24;13(1):e0190961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190961. eCollection 2018.
The evolution of sociality is related to many ecological factors that act on animals as selective forces, thus driving the formation of groups. Group size will depend on the payoffs of group living. The Social Complexity Hypothesis for Communication (SCHC) predicts that increases in group size will be related to increases in the complexity of the communication among individuals. This hypothesis, which was confirmed in some mammal societies, may be useful to trace sociality in the spotted paca (Cuniculus paca), a Neotropical caviomorph rodent reported as solitary. There are, however, sightings of groups in the wild, and farmers easily form groups of spotted paca in captivity. Thus, we aimed to describe the acoustic repertoire of captive spotted paca to test the SCHC and to obtain insights about the sociability of this species. Moreover, we aimed to verify the relationship between group size and acoustic repertoire size of caviomorph rodents, to better understand the evolution of sociality in this taxon. We predicted that spotted paca should display a complex acoustic repertoire, given their social behavior in captivity and group sightings in the wild. We also predicted that in caviomorph species the group size would increase with acoustic repertoire, supporting the SCHC. We performed a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) based on acoustic parameters of the vocalizations recorded. In addition, we applied an independent contrasts approach to investigate sociality in spotted paca following the social complexity hypothesis, independent of phylogeny. Our analysis showed that the spotted paca's acoustic repertoire contains seven vocal types and one mechanical signal. The broad acoustic repertoire of the spotted paca might have evolved given the species' ability to live in groups. The relationship between group size and the size of the acoustic repertoires of caviomorph species was confirmed, providing additional support for the SCHC in yet another group of diverse mammals-caviomorph rodents.
社会性的演化与许多作为选择力量作用于动物的生态因素相关，从而推动了群体的形成。群体大小将取决于群居生活的收益。通讯的社会复杂性假说（SCHC）预测，群体大小的增加将与个体间通讯复杂性的增加相关。这一假说在一些哺乳动物社会中得到了证实，对于追踪斑点豚鼠（Cuniculus paca）的社会性可能是有用的，斑点豚鼠是一种新热带区的豚鼠型啮齿动物，据报道为独居。然而，在野外有群体目击事件，并且农民在圈养中很容易将斑点豚鼠组成群体。因此，我们旨在描述圈养斑点豚鼠的声学信号库，以检验SCHC，并获得有关该物种社交性的见解。此外，我们旨在验证豚鼠型啮齿动物的群体大小与声学信号库大小之间的关系，以更好地理解这一分类群中社会性的演化。我们预测，鉴于斑点豚鼠在圈养中的社会行为和野外的群体目击情况，它们应该表现出复杂的声学信号库。我们还预测，在豚鼠型物种中，群体大小将随着声学信号库的增加而增加，支持SCHC。我们基于所记录发声的声学参数进行了线性判别分析（LDA）。此外，我们采用独立对比方法，按照社会复杂性假说，独立于系统发育来研究斑点豚鼠的社会性。我们的分析表明，斑点豚鼠的声学信号库包含七种发声类型和一种机械信号。鉴于该物种具有群居的能力，其广泛的声学信号库可能已经演化。豚鼠型物种的群体大小与声学信号库大小之间的关系得到了证实，为SCHC在另一类多样的哺乳动物——豚鼠型啮齿动物中提供了额外支持。
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