Museum Conservation Institute, Smithsonian Institution , Suitland, Maryland 20746, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
J Proteome Res. 2018 Mar 2;17(3):936-945. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00703. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
The last two decades have seen a broad diversity of methods used to identify and/or characterize proteins in the archeological and paleontological record. Of these, mass spectrometry has opened an unprecedented window into the proteomes of the past, providing protein sequence data from long extinct animals as well as historical and prehistorical artifacts. Thus, application of mass spectrometry to fossil remains has become an attractive source for ancient molecular sequences with which to conduct evolutionary studies, particularly in specimens older than the proposed limit of amplifiable DNA detection. However, "mass spectrometry" covers a range of mass-based proteomic approaches, each of which utilize different technology and physical principles to generate unique types of data, with their own strengths and challenges. Here, we discuss a variety of mass spectrometry techniques that have or may be used to detect and characterize archeological and paleontological proteins, with a particular focus on MALDI-MS, LC-MS/MS, TOF-SIMS, and MSi. The main differences in their functionality, the types of data they produce, and the potential effects of diagenesis on their results are considered.
在过去的二十年中，人们已经开发出了广泛多样的方法来鉴定和/或描述考古学和古生物学记录中的蛋白质。其中，质谱分析为过去的蛋白质组学开辟了前所未有的窗口，它可以从早已灭绝的动物以及历史和史前文物中提供蛋白质序列数据。因此，将质谱分析应用于化石遗骸已经成为一种具有吸引力的古老分子序列来源，可以用来进行进化研究，特别是在比可扩增 DNA 检测建议的极限还要古老的标本中。然而，“质谱分析”涵盖了一系列基于质量的蛋白质组学方法，每种方法都利用不同的技术和物理原理来生成独特类型的数据，具有各自的优势和挑战。在这里，我们讨论了各种可能用于检测和鉴定考古学和古生物学蛋白质的质谱分析技术，特别关注 MALDI-MS、LC-MS/MS、TOF-SIMS 和 MSi。我们考虑了它们在功能、产生的数据类型以及对它们结果的可能的成岩作用影响方面的主要差异。
